1. Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
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2. Tubes for Transport Nonvascular Plants
Small (almost never taller than 10 cm)
Grow in damp places
No vascular tissue
Absorb nutrients and water like a sponge

3. Tubes for Transport Nonvascular Plants Vascular Plants
Small (almost never taller than 10 cm)
Grow in damp places
No vascular tissue
Absorb nutrients and water like a sponge
Vascular Plants
Tall
Vascular Tissue
*Takes in water from soil with roots like drinking with a straw
True leaves and roots
*Xylem (Carries water and nutrients from roots to plant)
*Phloem (Carries sugar from leaves to plant)

4. Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
No Seeds, Please!
Spore - single reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant
*Both nonvascular plants (i.e. mosses and liverworts) and vascular plants (i.e. ferns) use spores to reproduce.
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5. No Seeds, Please! Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
All of these plants have a sexual generation and an asexual generation in their life cycles.
*Example – Moss
Sexual generation
male parts producing sperm
female parts producing eggs
Sperm and egg combine
Fertilized egg grows into a stalk
*Example - Moss Stalk
Asexual generation
Capsule grows at end of stalk, forming spores
Spores shoot out when the capsule opens
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6. No Seeds, Please! *Example – ferns also use spores to reproduce
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
No Seeds, Please!
*Example – ferns
also use spores to reproduce
Reproductive spores form inside clusters on the underside of the leaflets
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7. No Seeds, Please! Fern – Asexual generation
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
No Seeds, Please!
Fern – Asexual generation
Grows into the large, upright fern plant, called the frond.
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8. Seed Power! Spores need to stay moist and sprout soon after release
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
Seed Power!
Spores need to stay moist and sprout soon after release
Seeds have a covering that protects them until conditions are right for sprouting.
Gymnosperms - plants that do not produce seeds in flowers
Seeds have a protective seed coat, but not enclosed by fruit
Cone-producing plants (conifers) - most common gymnosperms
Examples - pine, fir, spruce, and cedar trees
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9. Seed Power! *Angiosperms - produce seeds in flowers
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
Seed Power!
*Angiosperms - produce seeds in flowers
seeds are often enclosed in fruit
Seeds easily spread when animals eat the fruits
*Gymnosperm - seeds may also be spread by animals, but typically fall to the ground and grow where they land
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10. From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Typical flowers have both male and female reproductive parts.
*Male part – anther produces pollen (sperm)
*Female parts
Stigma
Ovary - contains eggs in ovules.
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11. From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Flowers produce nectar that organisms may eat. When an organism gathers nectar, pollen may brush onto it.
Pollination - The organism carries this pollen when it moves to the next flower.
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12. From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Pollination- Pollen reaches the stigma
Pollen fertilizes the eggs inside the ovules
Ovules develop into seeds
Each ovule wall becomes a seed coat
Ovary becomes fruit (example: pumpkin)
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13. From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
From Flower to Fruit to Seed
Identify the following parts of a flower: anther, ovary, ovules, petals, stigma.
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14. Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
How Seeds Grow
Seeds have a hard outer coat that protects them and allows them to rest until the environment is right for growing.
Many plant seeds rest during winter and then germinate, or start to grow, when the ground becomes warm and moist in the spring.
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15. Unit 4 Lesson 3 How Do Plants Grow and Reproduce?
How Seeds Grow
Dormant seed lies in the soil until conditions are right for growing
Germination – seed absorbs water, embryo grows, stem pushes upward, roots grow downward
Cotyledons provide energy for growth
Leaves mature
Plant continues to grow, shoot pushes upward
Plant grows and matures until it produces flowers and fruit
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