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M. Pilar Sánchez López Isabel Cuéllar Flores Virginia Dresch

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1 M. Pilar Sánchez López Isabel Cuéllar Flores Virginia Dresch
Conformity to Gender Norms and Mental Health in Spanish University Students M. Pilar Sánchez López Isabel Cuéllar Flores Virginia Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health March 16-19, 2011 Madrid– Spain

2 Mental health in women and men
Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in the European Union (European Commission, 2004) More rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women than in men, in general population (OMS, 2002) BUT… Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

3 Mental health in female and male college students
Effect of the educational level (Emslie, Hunt & Macintyre, 1999; Matud, Guerrero y Matías, 2006; Sánchez-López, Aparicio & Dresch, 2006; Vázquez y Sanz, 1997) Inconsistent results in college population: Differences between women and men (Matud, Díaz, Aguilera, Rodríguez & Matud, 2003; Sandín, Valiente, Chorot & Santed, 2008; Sanz & Navarro, 2003) No differences between women and men (Rawson, y Bloomer, 1994; Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003; Steer & Clark, 1997) Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

4 Gender roles and mental health I
Instrumentality-expressiveness models (e.g. Bem’s Sex Role Inventory –Bem, 1974) Masculinity→ better mental health (Antill & Cunningham, 1979; DiDonato & Berenbaum, 2010; Nezu & Nezu, 1987; Whitley, 1983, 1984) Limitations (Blanchard-Fields, Suhrer-Roussel & Hertzog, 2005; Spence, 1991; Woodhill & Samuels, 2003) Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

5 Gender roles and mental health II
Gender Role Norms model (Mahalik, 2000) Rules that guide and constrain men and women’s behavior Advantages: Assumption of gender norms’ benefits and costs Relationship with psychological distress in men and eating pathology in women –USA samples (Burns, Hough, Boyd & Hill, 2009; Green et al., 2008; Mahalik et al., 2003; 2005) Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

6 Purpose To test the influence of the conformity to gender norms on mental health in a sample of college undergraduates Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

7 Instruments GHQ-12 (Goldberg & Williams, 1988, adapted by Sánchez-López & Dresch, 2008) CFNI (Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory) (Mahalik et al., 2005, adapted by Sánchez-López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch, 2009) CMNI (Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory) (Mahalik et al., 2003, adapted by Cuéllar-Flores, Sánchez-López & Dresch, 2011) Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

8 Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

9 Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

10 Participants Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

11 Results I Differences in mental health between female and male students Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

12 Results II Pearson correlations between CFNI and CMNI and GHQ-12
Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

13 Results III MANOVA and Effect sizes, factor= GHQ-12 cut-off, dependent variables=CFNI and CMNI subscales Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

14 Conclusions Gender (conformity to gender norms) contribute new and complementary knowledge to traditional comparisons between women and men in mental health The adaptative or negative quality of the conformity to gender norms depends on the context Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

15 Many thanks for your attention icuellarflores@gmail.com
Conformity to gender norms and mental health in Spanish university students. Sánchez López, Cuéllar-Flores & Dresch 4th World Congress on Women’s Mental Health

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