1. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
the BIG idea
A substance’s atomic structure determines its physical and chemical properties.
5.1
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
5.2
Elements make up the periodic table.
5.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
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2. Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
5.1
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
• All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100 elements.
proton
• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
neutron
neutron
electron cloud
nucleus
proton
nucleus
electron
atomic number
atomic mass number
isotope
ion
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SIMULATION
Build a model of an atom.
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3. Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
5.1
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
• All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100 elements.
proton
• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
neutron
• Different elements are made of different atoms.
nucleus
• Atoms form ions by gaining or losing electrons.
electron
11 electrons (11-)
10 electrons (10-)
Sodium Atom (Na)
Loses 1 electron
Sodium Ion (Na ) +
atomic number
atomic mass number
isotope
ion
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4. Elements make up the periodic table.
5.2
Elements make up the periodic table.
• Elements can be organized by similarities.
• The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number.
atomic mass
periodic table
• Groups of elements have similar properties.
group
period F Cl Br I At
Group 17
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5. Elements make up the periodic table.
5.2
Elements make up the periodic table.
• Elements can be organized by similarities.
• The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number.
atomic mass
periodic table
• Groups of elements have similar properties.
group
• Elements in a period have varying properties.
period Mg Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
Period 3
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6. The periodic table is a map of the elements.
5.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
• The periodic table has distinct regions.
reactive
metal
metalloid
nonmetal
metal
nonmetal
metalloid
radioactivity
half-life
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7. The periodic table is a map of the elements.
5.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
• The periodic table has distinct regions.
• Most elements are metals.
reactive
• Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of properties.
metal
• Some atoms can change their identity through radioactive decay.
nonmetal
metalloid
Original Isotope Remaining (%)
Radioactive Decay
100 50 25
12.5 1 2 3 4
Number of half-lives
= original element
= new element
radioactivity
half-life
VISUALIZATION
Watch how a radioactive element decays over time.
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8. 5.1 Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
I. Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
proton
A. All matter is made of atoms.
neutron
1. Types of Atoms in Earth’s Crust and Living Things
nucleus
electron
2. Names and Symbols of Elements
B. Each element is made of a different atom.
atomic number
1. The Structure of an Atom
atomic mass number
2. Atomic Numbers
isotope
3. Atomic Mass Numbers
ion
C. Atoms form ions.
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1. Formation of Positive Ions
2. Formation of Negative Ions
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

9. Elements make up the periodic table.
5.2
Elements make up the periodic table.
II. Elements make up the periodic table.
atomic mass
A. Elements can be organized by similarities.
periodic table
1. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
group
2. Predicting New Elements
period
B. The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number.
1. Reading the Periodic Table
2. Groups and Periods
3. Trends in the Periodic Table
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KEY CONCEPT
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10. The periodic table is a map of the elements.
5.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
III. The periodic table is a map of the elements.
reactive
A. The periodic table has distinct regions.
metal
B. Most elements are metals.
1. Reactive Metals
nonmetal
2. Transition Metals
metalloid
3. Rare Earth Elements
radioactivity
C. Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of properties.
half-life
1. Halogens
2. Noble Gases
3. Metalloids
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D. Some atoms can change their identity.
1. Uses of Radioactivity in Medicine
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
2. Radioactive Decay

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