1. Syllogisms and so much more!
Deductive Reasoning
Syllogisms and so much more!

2. Pico, Fermi, Bagel Let’s play a game
PFB (Pico, Fermi, Bagels) is a number guessing game. For each guess, you will be told:
Fermi -a correct digit placed correctly
Pico - a correct digit placed incorrectly
Bagels - no digits are correct
Pico, Fermi, Bagel

3. 749
Let’s play as a class

4. Syllogism review 4 valid types: Modus Ponens Modus Tollens
Hypothetical Syllogism
Disjunctive Syllogism
Syllogism review

5. Fallacies in Syllogisms
Fallacy of Equivocation
Fallacy of the undistributed middle
Fallacy of illicit major/minor
Fallacy of exclusive premises
Fallacy of drawing an affirmative conclusion from negative premise (or vice versa)
Existential fallacy
Fallacies in Syllogisms

6. Mrs. Hooten: So Tommy, what do you do. Tommy Corn: I'm a firefighter
Mrs. Hooten: So Tommy, what do you do? Tommy Corn: I'm a firefighter. Mr. Hooten: Congratulations, you're a hero. Tommy Corn: I'm no hero. We'd all be heroes if we stopped using petroleum
I (heart) Huckabees

7. What is the fallacy? Fallacy of Equivocation
Tommy Corn and Mrs. Hooten are using the word “Hero” in a different sense
What is the fallacy?

8. Bernard: One, your mind is always occupied on something
Bernard: One, your mind is always occupied on something. So it might as well be something useful... Two, there is no such thing as you and me. Albert: So then there's nothing? Bernard: Three, there is no such thing as nothing. There is no remainder in the mathematics of infinity.

9. What’s the Fallacy? Fallacy of the Illicit Minor
The word nothing is used as the predicate in the minor premise and is not distributed
What’s the Fallacy?

10. I heart Huckabees clip

11. Dawn Campbell: Why don't you like my spots
Dawn Campbell: Why don't you like my spots? Marty: Honey, this look is hurting you, and it's hurting Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: This is myself. Marty: Then you won't speak at the benefit as yourself. That is not Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: I am still Huckabees. Marty: Not in that bonnet. Dawn Campbell: It's in my eyes, Marty. It's like that story of the cave. Marty: What in God's name is happening to you? We trusted you. We took care of you. We made you into a national icon. Pulled you out of a mall. Eh, you've been given everything by Huckabees. Dawn Campbell: Fuck-a-bees!

12. What fallaci(es) are demonstrated in this scene?

13. Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning
Deductive – General to Specific
Inductive – Specific to General
Deductive arguments can be valid or invalid
Inductive arguments can be weak or strong
Examples?
Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning

14. Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor
William of Ockham, 14th century Franciscan friar and logician
The principle states that "Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily."  Sometimes it is quoted in one of its original Latin forms to give it an air of authenticity:
"Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate" "Frustra fit per plura quod potest fieri per pauciora" "Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem"
Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor

15. Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor
Occam's razor is often cited in stronger forms than Occam intended, as in the following statements. . .
"If you have two theories that both explain the observed facts, then you should use the simplest until more evidence comes along"
"The simplest explanation for some phenomenon is more likely to be accurate than more complicated explanations."
"If you have two equally likely solutions to a problem, choose the simplest."
"The explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct."
Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor

16. Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor
In other words – KISS
Keep it simple, stupid
Ockhams/ Occam’s Razor