1. Neutralization reactions

2. What is a Neutralization Reaction
Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and a base react to form products that have a pH close to 7
acids create a high concentration H+ ions. Bases create an abundance of OH- ions. Resulting in…
acid + base  water + ionic compound (salt)

3. Why is this necessary?
In 2007 firefighters in Niagra Falls used cola (which is mildly acidic) to neutralize a chemical spill of highly corrosive KOH at a transport truck accident. The now harmless mess was then soaked up with an absorbent material like kitty litter
H3PO4 (aq) KOH (aq)  3H2O (l) K3PO4 (aq)
phosp0horic acid + potassium hydroxide  water potassium phosphate

4. ExampleHydrochloric acid & sodium hydroxide
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)
This is a DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION (all are!)
The sodium and chloride ions remain dissolved in water
If we evaporated away the water we would be left with solid sodium chloride crystals
NOTE: not all will remain dissolved, some form a precipitate

5. More examples—chemical spill
2007 a rail car derailed in northern Ontario and spilled sulfuric acid into the Blanche River
Dead fish washed up on shore and residents were warned to stay away
Emergency crews added calcium oxide (CaO or lime) to the river to neutralize the acid

6. The cleanup 1 CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide
This calcium hydroxide neutralized the sulfuric acid in the river which eventually produced a harmless solution of water and calcium sulfate
2 Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  2H2O (l) + CaSO4 (aq)

7. ANTACIDS our stomach produces HCl ( H of 1.5) needed for digestion
Sometime this acid irritates the lining of the stomach leading to discomfort or pain
Antacids can neutralize stomach acid
Their most common active ingredients are hydroxide
and carbonate compounds

8. Complete (and Balance) These Neutralization Reactions
1 HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl
2 H3PO4 + NaOH  H2O + Na3PO4
3 HNO3 + KOH  ________ +________
4 ________ + ___________  H2O + K2SO4

9. Complete (and Balance) These Neutralization Reactions
1 HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl
2 H3PO4 + 3NaOH  3H2O + Na3PO4
HNO3 + KOH  H2O + KNO3
4 H2SO4 + 2KOH 2H2O + K2SO4

10. Homework: pg 281 # 2, 4- 10 Complete Handouts:
7.2 Properties of Acids Bases
7.2, 7.3, 7.5 Acids Bases pH Neutralization
Complete Textbook:
pg 271 #’s 1, 2, 4-6
pg 275 #’s 3 – 5
pg 281 # 2, 4- 10