1. Cell Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

4. Cell Smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

5. Prokaryotic Cell
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes (organelles)
Few internal structures
Ex. One-celled organisms, Bacteria

6. Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Ex. All organisms except bacteria.
Plant
Animal

7. “Typical” Animal Cell

8. “Typical” Plant Cell

9. Organelles  Carry out the activities that keep the cell alive.
Cell Parts
Organelles  Carry out the activities that keep the cell alive.

10. Surrounding the Cell

11. Cell Membrane “Gatekeeper”
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer of phospholipids (fluid mosaic)
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains

12. Cell Wall Outer barrier that supports and protects cells
Found in plant cells and some bacterial cells
Made of cellulose (fiber)

13. Inside the Cell

14. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Contains genetic material – DNA (chromosomes)

15. Chromosomes Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
Made of DNA
Found in nucleus

16. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

17. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Produces ribosomes

18. Cytoplasm Gel-like fluid that makes up the “innerds” of the cell
Contains the organelles
Surrounded by cell membrane

19. Ribosomes Structure where proteins are put together
Found floating and on the endoplasmic reticulum

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Delivery system of the cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface

21. Golgi Bodies Packages proteins Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

22. Mitochondria “Power house” of the cell
Use oxygen to transform the energy in food to a form the cell can use to carry out its activities

23. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes
Digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

24. Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sacs for temporary storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

25. Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place

26. Cell Structure Plant and Animal Cells Nucleus Cell Wall Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Animal
Plant
Yes Yes
No Yes
Yes No