1. JFK and the Cold War
Chapter 28 Section 2

2. Flexibility
JFK b/l that Eisenhower had relied too heavily on nuclear weapons
He thought there should be a more flexible response to helping countries fight communist aggression
JFK’s flexible response
Build up of conventional troops and weapons
Allow the US to fight a limited style war if needed
Rather than going to all out war w/ the use of nuclear weapons

3. The Flexibility Plan Kennedy supported the Special Forces
A small army unit created to wage guerilla warfare in limited conflicts
Green Beret’s
This type of warfare would prevent the all-out warfare of nuclear weapons and large amounts of casualties

4. Fighting Poverty
Alliance for Progress – series of cooperative aid projects w/ Latin American govt.
To improve relations w/ Latin America
To create a prosperous Latin America
Peace Corps – organization that sent young Americans to perform humanitarian services in less developed nations

5. Into Space
Space Race – US and the Soviet Union competed for domination over the heavens
To enhance their competitive positions on the Earth
JFK was determined that the first humans to reach the moon must be Americans
He wanted it done b/f the decade was out
July 1969 – astronaut Neil Armstrong b/c the first person to set foot on the moon

6. The Bay of Pigs
1959 – Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban dictator Batista and set up a Soviet supported totalitarian regime in Cuba
Eisenhower approved a secret plan for the CIA to train and arm Cuban exiles to invade Cuba
In hopes of causing a revolt against Castro
When JFK b/c president his advisors approved the plan
In office fewer than 3 months
JFK trusts his advisors and agrees to the operation

7. The Bay of Pigs
April 17, 1961 – 1,400 armed Cuban exiles land at the Bay of Pigs – South coast of Cuba
It was a disaster
Kennedy canceled the air support to keep the US’s involvement secret
The expected uprising of the Cuban people never happened
W/i two days Castro’s forces killed or captured almost all of the fighting rebels
Effects
Exposed the American plot to overthrow a neighbor’s govt.
Made the US look weak and disorganized

8. The Berlin Wall June 1961 – Khrushchev and JFK meet Khrushchev…
Wants to stop the flood of Germans pouring out of Communist East Germany into West Berlin
East Germans were tired of Communist oppression and were escaping it by fleeing from East Germany into West Berlin
Demands that the US, Britain, and France w/draw from Berlin
Berlin sits w/i East Germany
JFK refuses and reaffirms the West’s commitment to West Berlin

9. The Berlin Wall Khrushchev had a wall built through Berlin
Blocked movement b/w the Soviet sector and the rest of the city
Guards were posted along the wall in machine gun towers
Guards shot at those who attempted escape from the East
Surrounded by barbed wire, flood lights, minefields, and vicious dog patrols
The wall stood for nearly 30 years
It was a symbol of the Cold War division b/w East and West

10. The Cuban Missile Crisis
October 22, 1962 – Kennedy announces on tv that US spy planes had taken photographs showing that the Soviets had placed long-range missiles in Cuba
Khrushchev had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba to counteract US nuclear weapons that were placed in Turkey w/i easy range of the Soviet Union
Enemy missiles so close to the US terrified everyone

11. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy orders…
A naval blockade
To prevent Soviet ships from delivering more missiles into Cuba
The Soviets to dismantle the existing missile sites
Warns that if any weapons were launched against the US he would respond fully against the Soviet Union
The Soviets continued to work on the missile sites

12. The Cuban Missile Crisis
After many secret negotiations the Soviet Union offered a deal
Khrushchev agreed to remove the missile if the…
US promised not to invade Cuba
US removed its missiles from Turkey near the Soviet border

13. The Cuban Missile Crisis
October 28, 1962 – JFK and Khrushchev reached an agreement
JFK agreed to…
Not invade Cuba
Remove the Turkish missiles
Khrushchev agreed to…
Remove their missiles from Cuba

14. Missile Crisis Impact
The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world too close to nuclear war
August 1963 – the US and the Soviets agreed to a treaty to ban the testing of nuclear weapons w/i the atmosphere
First step toward mutual arms reduction
Undermined Khrushchev’s position and contributed to his fall from power
The new leadership was less interested in reaching agreements w/ the West
The Soviets b/g to dramatically build up arms over the next 2 decades

15. The Assassination of JFK
November 22, 1963 – JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas
Lee Harvey Oswald accused of being the assassin
A Marxist who had spent time in the Soviet Union
Oswald was then killed by Jack Ruby while in police custody
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin  a conclusion that is still doubted and argued against today

16. The Dreadful Day in Dallas

17. Arrival in Dallas

18. Breakfast Banquet

31. Jackie leaves Parkland Hospital

32. Leaving Dallas

36. Arriving in D.C.

40. A Son’s Salute

43. The Eternal Flame