1. AP Biology Discussion Notes
Monday 10/03/2016

2. Goals for Today:
Be able to describe the flow of energy & nutrients in the ecosystem Be able to understand and describe interactions between organisms and between organisms and their environment.

3. 10/03 Question of the day
What elements are found in Carbohydrates & in what ratios?

4. Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Ratio – Carbon – Water Carbo – Hydrate(Water)

5. What is Ecology? Ecology
The study of interactions between organisms and between organisms and their environment
(list 10 themes)

6. What are 6 most common elements in ALL living things?
What 4 molecules do ALL living things share?

7. Where do organisms get the nutrients/elements they need?
Ratio – Carbon – Water Carbo – Hydrate(Water)

8. Movement over land by wind
Figure 55.14a
Movement over land by wind
Evaporation from ocean
Precipitation over land
Precipitation over ocean
Evapotranspira- tion from land
Figure Exploring: Water and Nutrient Cycling
Percolation through soil
Runoff and groundwater 8

9. Burning of fossil fuels and wood
Figure 55.14b
CO2 in atmosphere
Photo- synthesis
Cellular respiration
Burning of fossil fuels and wood
Phyto- plankton
Consumers
Figure Exploring: Water and Nutrient Cycling
Consumers
Decomposition 9

10. Decomposition and sedimentation
Figure 55.14c
N2 in atmosphere
Reactive N gases
Industrial fixation
Denitrification
N fertilizers
Fixation
Runoff
Dissolved organic N
NO3–
Terrestrial cycling N2
NH4+
NO3–
Aquatic cycling
Denitri- fication
Figure Exploring: Water and Nutrient Cycling
Decomposition and sedimentation
Assimilation
Decom- position
NO3–
Fixation in root nodules
Uptake of amino acids
Ammonification
Nitrification
NH3
NH4+
NO2– 10

11. Where do organisms get these elements/nutrients?
Heterotroph-
Autotroph –
Hetero= different – consumer – relies on biotic factors
Auto = self – producer, relies on abiotic factors
Troph = feeding

12. Producer vs. Consumer
Producers
Consumers

13. Photoautotrophs (b) Multicellular alga (a) Plants (d) Cyanobacteria
Figure 10.2
Photoautotrophs
(b)
Multicellular alga
(a) Plants
Figure 10.2 Photoautotrophs.
(d) Cyanobacteria
40 m
(c)
Unicellular protists
10 m
(e)
Purple sulfur bacteria
1 m 13

14. The MIRACLE OF LIFE! Inorganic Organic Photosynthesis
_________ energy ________energy
Is this important?
The MIRACLE OF LIFE!
Inorganic Organic

15. Autotroph or Heterotroph?
I eat rocks, which are an ______ factor.
Does that make me an Autotroph?

16. Venus Flytrap?

17. Food Chain Should always start with a ____________.
Arrows show the direction of energy flow.

18. Is a food chain a complete look at the interactions in a community?
Grass
Rabbit
Fox
Cougar
Is Grass the only thing a Rabbit eats?
Are rabbits the only thing a fox eats?

19. Food Web
A more complex look at Energy interactions in the community.

21. Anything strange about this food web?

23. Energy Pyramid/Trophic Levels How much energy is LOST between each level?
10 units
100 units
1000 units
10,000 units

24. Energy Pyramid Where do you think the energy goes?
Organisms use energy in each level and with each energy transfer/transformation some useable energy is lost.

25. Nutrients vs. Energy Nutrients, such as..
Nutrients are cycled, but energy is not!
On earth there is a one way flow of energy from the _______.

26. Populations
A Population consists of all of the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time.

27. Population Growth
Limiting Factors
Any factors that limit the size of a population in a particular area.

28. Population Growth
Carrying Capacity (K):
The maximum population size that an environment can sustain. Based on LIMITING factors in the environment.

29. Construct a graph
Construct two graphs of a population over time.
Let one graph show UNLIMITED growth, and the other show a population LIMITED by some factors.

30. What belongs on the X-axis, as the Independent variable?
Y-axis could be Population size, or number of individuals – the DEPENDENT variable

31. Questions so far?

32. Trophic Interactions
Read through Part 1 of the case study and answer the questions on your sheet. You may work individually or in groups.
Come with questions tomorrow, but I want you to have attempted all of the questions.