1. Plant Structure and Growth

2. Plant Tissue Systems Dermal Tissue – outer covering of a plant
Vascular Tissue – Special conducting tissue;
XYLEM and PHLOEM
Ground Tissue – Makes up the inside of a plant; NOT xylem and phloem

4. Dermal Tissue Outside of the plant = “epidermis”
Cuticle – waxy coat on epidermal cells
Cork – Dead cells!

6. Xylem
Vascular tissue in plants; provides support and conducts WATER!

7. Phloem
Vascular plant tissue that moves NUTRIENTS in any direction depending on the plant’s needs.

9. Roots, Stems, and Leaves

10. Roots Helps anchor the plant into the ground!
Fibrous roots – (monocots) highly branched = grasses
Taproots – (dicots) Large central root = radish

11. Non-Woody Stems Herbaceous – stems that are flexible & green
Vascular bundles – bundles of xylem & phloem
Monocot = scattered
Dicot = arranged in a ring
PITH: ground tissue inside the ring of vascular bundles
CORTEX: ground tissue outside the ring of vascular bundles

12. Woody Stems Stiff and non-green
Xylem – makes up the inside; major component of wood
Phloem – “living”; outside xylem
Heartwood – old wood in center of tree trunk
Sapwood – conducts water and sap; outside of the heartwood

13. Leaves Photosynthetic organ Blade – flattened portion
Petiole – Stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem

14. Mesophyll – ground tissue
Leaf Tissue Layers

16. Specialized Leaves Water Lily Leaves – float on water
Cactus – modified as spines
Tendrils – specialized for climbing
Venus’ flytrap – catch insects

17. Plant Growth and Development

18. Plant Embryo Plant embryo = embryonic root & embryonic shoot
*REMEMBER* A seed develops from an ovule & contains a plant embryo
Plant Embryo
Plant embryo = embryonic root & embryonic shoot
Cotyledons = seed leaves
MONOCOTS – one cotyledon
DICOTS – two cotyledons

19. Germination Dormancy – state of suspended animation
Germination – Beginning of growth after being dormant

20. Germination

21. Breaking dormancy Seeds sprout in response to the environment
Must be exposed to cold
Seed coats must be damaged
Fire
Oxygen & Water penetrate

22. Meristems
Meristem: a region of plant cells that divide & can develop into specialized tissues
Primary growth: Growth that increases the length or height of a plant.
Secondary growth: Growth that increases the width of stems and roots

23. Primary Growth
Apical meristems: growing region at the tips of stems & roots in plants

24. Secondary Growth
Lateral meristems: Responsible for increases in the width.