1. Society In mainland East Asia inland East Asia
Chapter 5

2. Civilizations
A civilization is any complex society characterized by urban development, social life, symbolic communication form, and some sort of leadership or government
Over different dynasties the civilizations grew to have archives of written documents, several different neighborhoods, workshops used by craftsmen, royal palaces and burial grounds
A lot of the civilizations relied on a large corps of political allies, they started using more iron, China and complex societies in India and southwest Asia had small scale trade networks that linked China to the west and the South, they had a sizeable amount of slaves, organized religion was not an important role in ancient China, and their authority included advisors, ministers, craftsmen, and metalsmiths
Most of the household authority was to the elderly males, but women occasionally played important roles in public life

3. Location Development
As populations expanded, villages and towns flourished throughout the Yellow River and Yangzi River
In between those rivers, the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties grew
The soil of the Yellow River was good for farming
The water that came down from the glaciers was used as drinking water and for other uses

4. States
During 2000 BCE, they established cities, built larger states and constructed distinctive social and cultural traditions
A state is a designated area where a ruler or leader has power over the inhabitants of that land
Shang kings extended their rule to a large portion of northeastern China
Zhou rulers relied on a decentralized administration, but Zhou kings could not maintain control
Usually the more upper class people living in the area supported the ruler because of the higher tax and ownership of the land

5. Expanding and Conquering
Started towering mountains, forbidding deserts, and turbulent seas
Agriculture spread to north and west
Agriculture extended about 300 kilometers(186 miles) to western and eastern regions of modern Gansu province
Increasingly prominent in the steppe lands east of the Ural mountains
Chinese influence spread to the South as well to North and West
Some moved to hills and mountains where conditions didn’t favor agriculture
Others migrated to Taiwan or Southeast Asian lands
Growing populations led to emergence of cities, states, and complex societies in the Yangzi River
All of Southern China formed part of an emerging lager Chinese society

6. Building Empires
They build societies closely resembling those of the Yellow river valley
Agricultural surpluses and growing populations led to the emergence of states, cities, societies in the Yangzi
The populations of cultivators’ communities surged along with their harvests
1000 B.C.E several clusters of nomadic peoples organized powerful, militarized herding societies on the Eurasian steppes
Ranged over widely grassy steppes of central Asia
Linked between agriculture societies to the East and West
Impossible to them to settle permanently in towns or to build cities because the need to herd their animals
Tural lands enabled nomadic peoples to take advantage of the steppe environment by herding animals

7. Culture
Early Chinese myths and legends explained the origins of the world
Often spoke of an impersonal heavenly power
Nor did ancient China support a large class of priests like those of Mesopotamia, Egypt
India was mediated between humans and the gods
Most part family patriarchs represented the interests of living generations to the spirits of departed ancestors
Writing served as the foundation for a cultural tradition in ancient China
Used symbols to keep simple records during Xia times
Asia quickly became an indispensable tool of government as well as a means of expressing ideas and offering reflections on humans and their world
Shang kings may have controlled one thousand or more towns
Influenced throughout their realm

8. Architectural Forms -Local rulers ruled vast networks of walled towns
-Transportation available during the first and second millennia B.C.E
- temples in memory of 2 queens after death
-Chinese mariners used large oar- propelled vessels (before 2000 B.C.E) to probe the waters for profitable sea routes.

9. Development of Art
Ruling elites with bronze distinctively sets them apart from the rest.
Bronze = high level of craftsmanship (late Shang dynasty)
Bronze and Ivory grave goods (statues,vases, & other artifacts)
Fu Hao’s tomb
Bronze utensils, household items, food, weapons
very detailed decorations = remarkable artisan skill

10. Form of Writing -during the shang dynasty writing was used frequently
-Oracle bones were principal instruments used by fortune tellers
-pictographic writing: a conventional representation of an object
-various pictographs into an ideograph
-No alphabetic/phonetic component
-more than 2000 characters inscribed on oracle bones

11. Relationships between literature & Culture
Book of Changes - manual instructing the diviners in the art of foretelling the future
Book of Songs aka Book of Poetry or Book of Odes
Book of Songs - collection of verses with themes on both light or serious
Book of History - justified Zhou state & called for subjects to obey overlords
311 poems reflect conditions of early Zhou dynasty
Books written on bamboo strips
When the imperial house of Qin ended the chaos of the Warring States; Qin emperor ordered destruction of ALL writings
exception = agriculture, medicine, and divination

12. Early Religions
Confucius and other late Zhou thinker's = intellectual foundation of classical chinese society
The zhou theory of politics rested on the assumption that earthy events were closely related to heavenly affairs
Heavenly powers would approve of the “mandate of heaven”
Heavenly powers granted the right to govern = “Mandate of heaven”

13. Trade routes & Outside ppl.
Shang rulers relied on a large corps of political allies
Advisors, craftsmen, ministers, and metalsmiths helped Shang rulers shape policy or spread their influences throughout their realm
Shang society revolved around several large cities
Shang capital moved 6 times
King Yu - founder of Xia dynasty = invention of sails
Shipbuilding =prominent business
Oar-propelled vessels = supported fishing and trade
Chinese mariners began to probe nearby waters for trade routes

14. Social & Gender Identity
Ruling elites possessed much of the bronze weaponry
Ruling elites resided in large, palatial compounds / on agriculture surplus
Privileged class rose from allies of Shang and Zhou rulers
Slaves performed hard labor
Peasants occupied the countryside
Woman = indoor activ. (wine making, weaving, and cultivation of silkworms)
Men = outdoor ( hunting, working in the field, and fishing)
Peasants - relied on wood
Later Shang & Zhou dynasties woman increasingly came to live in the shadow of men
Peasants provided agriculture, military, and labor for their lords
Elites decorated homes w/ pots, jars, wine cups, plates, cast-bronze utensils, etc.

15. Ally Macapagal - # 7, 8, & 9 Corina Settles - # 10, 11, 12 , & 13
Gracie Lantz - # 1, 2, & 3
Jennifer Quintero - # 4, 5 , & 6
Period 2