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BODY MECHANICS The way in which the body moves and maintains balance with the most efficient use of all its parts
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Reasons for using correct body mechanics
Muscles work best when used correctly Correct use of muscles makes lifting, pulling, pushing easier Prevents unnecessary fatigue and strain Saves energy Prevents injury to self
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Eight basic rules of good body mechanics
Maintain broad base of support Bend from hips & knees to get close to object Keep back straight Use strongest muscles of arms/legs Avoid twisting body while working Avoid bending for long periods Get help if object too heavy Use equipment to help lift & move pts
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Back Supports Wear during lifting or moving pts
Supposed to help prevent back injuries Must be correct size Must be snug
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Transfer from bed to wheelchair
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Preventing Accidents & Injuries
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OSHA-Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Establishes & enforces safety standards for workplace Two main standards for health care: Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Standard Bloodborn Pathogen Standard
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Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Standard
Employers must inform employees of all chemicals & hazards Must provided Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all hazardous products Info about chemical Protection or precautions for handling Spills, clean up, & disposal procedures Emergency first aid procedures All employers must train employees
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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Protection of health care providers from diseases caused by exposure to body fluids Blood Urine & stool Semen & vaginal secretions CSF Saliva, mucus Three disease can be contracted HBV HCV HIV
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Equipment & Solutions Regulations
Never use solutions from unlabeled bottles Read labels of solutions at least 3 times Read before using, during use, and after use Make sure you have correct solution Do not mix solutions together unless instructed to do so Avoid contact of solutions with skin or eyes
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Equipment & Solutions Regulations
Do not operate equipment until instructed on how to use it Report damaged or malfunctioning equipment-DO NOT USE Do not use frayed or damaged electrical cord or if third prong of plug broken off
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Patient Safety Regulations
Do not perform any procedures on patients unless you have been instructed and have proper authorization Ask questions if you do not understand Provide privacy for all patients
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Patient Safety Regulations
Identify the patient Check identification wrist band Repeat the name at least twice Check the name on patient’s bed or record Explain the procedure Observe patient closely during any procedure
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Patient Safety Regulations
Check patient environment for safety hazards Observe all safety checkpoints before leaving patient in bed Patient in comfortable position Side rails elevated Bed lowest level to floor Wheels locked Call signal within easy reach Area neat and clean with no safety hazards
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Personal Safety Regulations
Use correct body mechanics Wear required uniform Walk in hallways-do not run Report any injury or accident Report any unsafe conditions Keep all areas neat and clean Wash hands frequently Wear PPE Avoid horseplay & jokes Solutions coming into contact with eyes or skin should be flushed with water & reported Particle in eye-don’t try to remove; report to supervisor
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Preventing Needle Sticks
Be careful when handling-most sticks occur from carelessness Dispose of all sharps in a puncture-resistant sharps container Never recap, bend, or remove dirty needles Never carry sharps with tips toward others or self Never hand sharps across a patient Immediately clean puncture wound and cover Report incident to supervisor
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Maintaining Client Safety
Injury due to falls is a major problem in health care Health care providers must anticipate potential falls and take steps to avoid injuries
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Categories of Falls Falls on same level: Falls on different levels:
tripping, bumping, slipping Falls on different levels: misjudging a distance, overreaching, inadequate ambulation equipment, inadequate training or instructions
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Reducing the Risk of Falls
Provide handrails Keep floors clean & uncluttered Keep floors dry Remove excess equipment Clear electrical wiring & cables Provide gait belts for patients Be prepared to brake fall of client while maintaining personal safety
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Fire Safety Three things needed to start a fire:
Oxygen: found in the air Fuel: any material that will burn Heat: sparks, matches, flames
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Fire Safety Causes of fires: Smoking and matches: major cause
Misuse of electricity Defects in heating systems Spontaneous ignition Improper rubbish disposal Arson
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Fire Safety Preventing Fires: Be alert to causes of fires
Obey “NO Smoking” signs-most facilities now smoke free Extinguish matches, cigarettes, flammables Dispose of all waste in proper containers Handle electrical equipment carefully Store flammable materials in proper containers and in safety cabinets Get rid of clutter
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Fire Safety Precautions when O2 in use
Post “No Smoking-Oxygen in Use” sign Remove all smoking materials, candles, matches from room Avoid us of electrical equipment Do not use flammable liquids Avoid static electricity
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Fire Safety Classes of Fire Extinguishers Class A Class B Class C
Contains pressurized water Used on paper, cloth, wood Class B Contains carbon dioxide Used on flammable liquids Class C Contains Potassium bicarbonate or chloride Used on electrical fires/burning liquids Class ABC Contains graphite-type chemical Multipurpose-for all types of fires
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R A C E Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish
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Discharging the Extinguisher
P pull the pin A aim S squeeze Sweep
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Fire rules in the Health Care Facility
#1: Remain calm If your personal safety is endangered-get out Move all patients/personnel in immediate danger Activate alarm Close all doors/windows Know location/use of extinguishers Shut off electrical equipment and oxygen Never use elevators
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