1. Environment Representation and Hurricane Simulation for CWID 2009
Naim Alper
Droplet Consulting
for AER, Inc.
John J. Holdzkom, Steven J. Lowe
Modeling & Simulation Division
AER, Inc.
Stephen M. Webb
ASNE/MSEA Liaison to JFCOM
Dynamics Research Corporation
Presented to the Euro SIW
14 July 2009
Istanbul, Turkey

2. Introduction Modeling and Simulation Executive Agents (MSEA)’s
Air and Space Natural Environment (ASNE): AF Weather Agency
Lead MSEA providing advocacy and USAF Investment
Ocean: Commander Navy MET OC Center (CNMOC)
Increasing interest and commitment due to FST / NCTE
Terrain: NGA
Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office (MSCO) (formerly DMSO)
Primary source of R&D funds
Primary advocacy, now via M&S Steering Committee
Technology Investment
Above parties have collaborated for over a decade to foster the development of critical enabling technology to reduce obstacles for the use of environment representations in all M&S Communities of Interest.
All technology is US DoD owned and delivered open-source for maximum reuse
Core capabilities developed independent of specific data and model resources

3. Outline CWID overview EDCSS overview Hurricane simulation
Product generation and samples
CWID 09 event support
Summary

4. CWID 2009 Coalition Warrior Interoperability Demonstration
Yearly event to evaluate technologies and capabilities for exchanging information among coalition partners, military services, government agencies, first responders and U.S. combatant commanders
Two scenarios provide demonstration backdrop
Homeland Security / Homeland Defense (HS/HD)
US NORTHCOM
Coalition Task Force (CTF)
US JFCOM
Coordinated with NATO and UK CWID

5. Technology Assessment - Procedures - Policies - Relationship Building
CWID “Big Picture”
Technology Assessment - Procedures - Policies - Relationship Building
NATO
CWID
Coalition
USJFCOM
HS/HD
USNORTHCOM
INDUSTRY
Purpose of CWID is to assess technology, develop and test policy and procedures, and build relationships between government and industry partners (technology developers).
Scenario vignettes provide the backdrop to the event. UK
CWID
CWID Scenario Vignettes

6. WEATHER SCENARIO – CTF 15-25 June, notional year 2012
Theater includes SW Asia, and Horn of Africa
Benign “Typical June” Scenario requested
Relatively benign scenario. Requirements met with simple 13-day continuous weather model simulation (ie, no data assimilation necessary).

7. WEATHER SCENARIO – HS/HD
- Wildfires
- Flooding
- Flooding
- Wildfires
Many more environmental requirements, highlighted by a hurricane passing along the east coast of the US; this scenario will be the focus of the remainder of this talk.
HS/HD and emergency responders prompted to action by environmental scenario.
- Hurricane

8. Environmental Data Cube Support System (EDCSS)
National Repositories
DoD Ops/R&D Centers
NOAA Data Centers
Other Domain CoE
Project Definition
Scenario Search
Simulation
Integrated Environment
Representation Production
White Cell or Analyst
Terrain
Ocean
Atmos
Space
Product Generation
Distribution
COP (C4ISR)
Integration 8

9. EDCSS Production Site Develop/maintain customer “product” requirements
Generate/Access Integrated Natural Environment Representation
“Outsource” product generation through well-defined service interfaces
EDCSS Production Site AF
Atmos
Satellite
Imagery
Data
Hypercube
COSINE
Effects
Product
Generation
JMB Data Standards
Navy
Atmos
Imagery
Graphics
(KML)
Messages
Navy
Ocean
METAR/TAF
System
Impacts
Ad- Hoc Sources
Common Open Services for
Integrated Natural Environment (COSINE)
A SOA implementation providing ….
Resource Registration and Access
Multi-Resource Integration
Value-Added Data Processing
Decoupling of content from format
Space Weather
Terrain Data
WRF Model Output

10. EDCSS Requirements Data Model
Project
When
Where
Who *
Components
ASWIM
JET
White Cell
JSAF
etc
AWSIM *
Data
AFWA GRIB
JLVC CSV
Effect
IR Hypercube
Products
EDCSS Requirements model requires an end user only to define the project “who, where, when”, i.e., dates, area of interest, and who (eg, components such as JET, AWSIM, Support Cell) are participating
EDCSS maintains knowledge of the relationship between Components and Products, e.g., the AWSIM component needs “JLVC CSV” and “IR Hypercube” products.
Products contain pre-set definitions of content and format, as known requirements.
A subject matter expert may define new or edit existing product and component definitions, but end user is not burdened with these details.
Note four classes of products in EDCSS: Data, Effects, Text, Image.
Spatial Resolution/Projection
Available Increments
Text
METAR
TAF
Image
Weather Graphics
Synthetic Satellite
Generation Service

11. EDCSS Products for CWID
National Weather Service (NWS) Global Forecast System (GFS)-style weather forecast data (GRIB): 2X/day with forecasts to 3 days
Simulated IR and VIS Satellite imagery (NITF, GeoTIFF, PNG)
Simulated Radar imagery (NITF, GeoTIFF, PNG)
Forecaster Graphics (KML, PNG)
Forecaster Text Messages (TAF): 4X/day, 30-hr forecasts
Simulated Observations (METAR): hourly for standard ICAO stations
AWSIM weather data (CSV)
Note this list includes both scenarios, HSHD and CTF. CTF planners requested more formats than HSHD.
TAF = Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (text forecast) at fixed stations (typically airports)
METAR = Aviation Weather Report (in French = METAR); weather observations at fixed stations
ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization (standardized meteorological station list
AWSIM = Air Warfare Simulation
Note AWSIM did not play in 2009 but did in 2008. 11

12. EDCSS Support to CWID 2009 Support two scenarios (CTF and HS/HD)
Focus on HS/HD Hurricane scenario
Produce underlying environment representation
Specialized WRF modeling capability developed at AER
Utilize EDC Production Site to generate all products
USAF Joint Environment Toolkit (JET) for C2 integration
USAF AWSIM air campaign simulation
Direct “ad-hoc” integration to other CWID trials via EDC Distributor web services
Utilize EDC Distributor to provide access during event

13. WRF Modeling Capability
WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is a community standard for numerical weather prediction
Utilized by NOAA, AFWA, NCAR, research community
AER maintains a WRF modeling capability for multiple government and commercial projects.
Model deployed on 40-node IBM cluster
AER WRF capability utilized for production of environment representations for EDCSS Test and Evaluation (T&E) system also hosted at AER.
Model initialization based on NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis
Customized data assimilation to utilize synthetic observations to help “steer” scenario towards customer requirement.

14. Hurricane Simulation for CWID
Identified historical hurricane (Blanche, 1974) that matched desired track and intensity
Initialized WRF with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis fields
Repeated every 12 hours to keep storm along desired track
Data assimilation via WRF’s 3DVAR technique
Inserted synthetic observations of surface pressure along track to guide storm along desired path
Result
Accurately reproduced path and intensity of Blanche
Standard WRF output provides high-fidelity atmospheric representation from which all EDCSS products can be generated
3DVAR = 3-dimensional variational

15. EDCSS WRF-Based Product Generation
Services
Products
Base
Resource
Virtual Resource
GRIB
AFWA, JSAF, GFS
COSINE
WRF
WRF
“Plus”
EDC-COSINE
CSV
JLVC
EDC-METAR
METAR
Text
ICAOService
EDC-TAF
TAF
Text
ICAOService
EDCSS Product Generation Services utilize COSINE to derive content from the base resource.
Content as required for particular products, often not available in the base resource.
Example “wiring diagram” from previous slide.
EDCSS orders data from virtual resource to fulfill data requirements of each product.
COSINE = Common Open Services for Integrated Natural Environment
EDC-NATIVE
Sat/Radar
PNG, KML, TIF, NITF
EDC-OWS
OWS Graphics
PNG, KML
EDC-Hypercube
Hypercube
EDC-PresentWx
PWx Graphics
JPG

16. Sample EDCSS Products EDCSS Consistent Integrated Representation
FTUS80 KWBC
RKJK TAF KT 9999 SKC QNH3005INS
BECMG 1107/ KT 9999 SKC QNH2988INS
BECMG 1113/ KT 9999 SKC QNH2991INS
BECMG 1119/ KT 9999 SKC QNH2986INS
BECMG 1201/ G25KT 9999 SCT270 QNH2969INS
BECMG 1207/ G37KT 9999 SKC QNH2967INS
Consistent
Integrated
Representation
EDCSS
METAR RCMQ Z 31016KT
10SM BKN140 30/25 Q0970

17. Exercise Support Site
Event support site is auto-generated by EDC Production.
Provides html pages for browsing and/or downloading products.
Hosted on EDC Distributor.

18. EDCSS Deployment in CWID 2009
EDC Distributor installed on each network (HS/HD and CTF)
Event Support Site hosted (HTML access)
Web Services access to all requested products
Located in US JFCOM Joint System Integration Command (JSIC)
Product suites hosted:
HS/HD: 750 MB
CTF: 3 GB
Results
AFWA JET received hourly products via automated web service requests
ASWIM downloaded and played CSV weather files
Additional CWID trials downloaded directly from EDCSS
EDCSS Products displayed on C2 systems throughout event providing realistic environmental context for CWID demonstrations.
AWSIM = Air Warfare Simulation 18

19. Summary
EDCSS provided multiple correlated views of the environment representation to all CWID participants
Simultaneous support of two scenarios
Support to both human and machine consumers
Leveraged WRF model capability to generate desired hurricane scenario in high fidelity
EDC Distributor effectively managed access requirements for all users without issue.