1. An era of prosperity, Liberal power, and conflict
The Roaring 20’s
An era of prosperity,
Liberal power,
and conflict

2. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
in sum, a period of great change in Canadian Society - modern Canada is born at this time
for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living (COPY)

3. Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line
Age of the Automobile
Ailing Agriculture…

4. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration
Farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
so Canadian farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
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5. Liberal Power Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King
10th Prime Minister of Canada
December 29, June 28, 1926
September 25, August 7, 1930
October 23, November 15, 1948
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What did he do for Canada?
1. Old Age Pension 1926
2. Appointed Cairine Wilson first woman senator 1930
3. Leader of the Opposition
4. Led Canada as Prime Minister throughout Second
World War
5. National Resources Mobilization Act 1940
7. Unemployment Insurance 1940
8. National Plebiscite on Conscription 1942
9. Construction of the Alaska Highway
10. Family Allowances Act 1944

6. Consumer Economy

7. Drastic Change
Economic prosperity and new technological developments brought about enormous change.
Many people moved into the cities to work in factories or in service industries like transportation, finance, public administration, and hospitality.
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8. Changes….
Wages were rising for many people and for the first time people could buy stuff on an installment plan.
Beginning of a debt society.
Workers had more income, therefore more DISPOSABLE INCOME.
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9. Don’t Worry - Shop
Mass advertising along with job security and higher incomes meant that they could spend money on things other then the basic necessities.
There was more ‘disposable’ income.
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10. Advertising
Advertisers made luxury items seem like necessities to hundreds of thousands of Canadians.
There was an astounding range of household goods made available by places like EATONS.
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11. Quality of Life
Thanks to electricity, new machines were available to make women’s lives easier.
Stoves, refrigerators, washing machines, irons and sewing machines were popular.
Before these inventions, housework took much longer.
Along with these items came big price tags, and many could not afford them.
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12. The Iron
Cost then: $135
Today, that would be: $1100

13. The Electric Stove
Cost then: $160
Today, that would be: $1400

14. The Electric Washing Machine
Cost then: $145
Today, that would be: $1150

15. Culture of the Roaring 20’s
Radio
Montreal station XWA
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
“Talkies”
The Jazz Singer
Starring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford
“America’s Sweetheart”

16. The Radio
-The radio was the great communication invention of the 1920s. The radio brought families together as the huddled around and listened to their favorite shows.
-Radio signals across Canada could now broadcast voices, news, weather, bible readings, soap operas, crime and western dramas, comedy and variety, coverage on major sports, advertising for businesses and music. 
-People in the remotest areas of Canada were no longer isolated and were brought in contact with other cities of the nation. -The radio was affordable to both rich and the poor. 
-The first  Radio broadcast : May 20th, 1920, Montreal station XWA (later became CFCF). It relayed a musical program to a meeting of Royal society in Ottawa. 
Over 30 Canadian radio stations were in some stage of operation and swelled to 91 by mid-decade. 

17. -The Radio brought Canada and the U.S together. 
-Canadians listened to more American programs than their own domestic programs. 
-This was partly due to geography and the availability of many U.S. signals. Canadians also claimed American radio offered them more choices. The small, generally low-powered domestic stations  in Canada were unable to compete. 
-One notable exception -- hockey. 
-Hockey games were the most popular radio programs of the period within Canada. They began in 1923 with Foster Hewitt.
Within a decade, Saturday night hockey broadcasts became a nationwide tradition. 
government took ownership of all radio in Canada. -The federal government collected an annual $1 for each receiving set. 

18. The Automobile Cars revolutionized Canadian society during the 1920s.
Henry Ford (founder of the Ford Motor Company) used the assembly line to mass produce cars like the famous Model T, nicknamed the “Tin Lizzy.”
Mass production on the assembly line reduced manufacturing costs and ultimately made cars much more affordable than they had previously been.
As a result, most families could afford to purchase a car.
By 1924, the cost of the Ford Model T was $ people could also choose whatever colour they wanted as long as it was black.
In 1918, there were 300,000 cars registered in the country-by 1929 there were 1.9 million!
The big three manufactures were Ford, Chrysler & General Motors
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19. The Impact of the Car
Cars revolutionized the way people got around during the 1920s.
Cars gave people the ability to move around in a wider area and with greater freedom than ever before.
Before cars, the only methods of transportation were by horse, public transit, and railroads.
Cars gave people the chance to determine where and when they went and also where they lived.
Cars also had a huge impact on the design of houses, buildings, cities, and other infrastructure.
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20. Limitations of the Automobile
Automobiles in the 1920s were not as reliable as today’s cars.
For one thing, they didn’t have electric starters, you had to manually crank the engine to get the car started.
They also had relatively small wheels and weak engines which caused them to frequently get stuck in mud-most streets were still unpaved.
They could not operate during winter as the cold weather froze the fluids in the engine.
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21. Automobiles and Leisure
The advent of the automobile during the 1920s also changed the way people entertained themselves-it gave them a greater ability to enjoy leisure time and passtimes.
Activities like ‘road-trips’, family picnics, and other leisure activities became popular-allowed Canadians to enjoy life.
Cars also provided a new form of entertainment-people now enjoyed automobile racing.
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22. New Problems Associated with Automobiles
The popularization of cars during the 1920s gave rise to new problems.
They created noise and pollution in larger cities.
For the first time we have motor accidents, traffic jams, and pedestrians getting run over.
Helped thieves flee from crime scenes-forced police to get cars of their own.
Governments began to legislate speed limits and other rules of the road and had to institute a licensing system for drivers.
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23. The Telephone
The first dial phones appeared in Toronto in 1924 and three years later the combined handset (mouthpiece and earphone on the same unit) came into use. 
-By 1929 the phone became widely used. 
-Three out of four families had one, and calls could be made across town, across Canada or across the sea on a “pay when billed” basis. 
-The telephone shrank distances.
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24. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St. Louis
Jack Dempsey

25. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Writers Musicians make up
cigarettes
short skirts
Writers
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Musicians
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington

26. FLAPPERS 1920's also brought about great changes for women...
Gave women the vote
after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt
characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman“
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27. Flappers in the 20’s
Young girls who lived in the city and dressed in a provocative manor
These women did not follow the rules, and were often smoking, drinking, swearing and wearing too much makeup
These women loved partying, fast cars, dancing and showing skin
They were considered out of control by Canadians, and the term “Flapper” was an insult.
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28. A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant National Origins Act
Discrimination
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29. IMMIGRATION
for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
many wanted the government to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe
fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)
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30. The Ku Klux Klan In power Great increase Anti-black Anti-immigrant
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers

31. High School Biology teacher
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Evolution vs. Creationism
Science vs. Religion
Famous Lawyers
Dayton, Tennessee
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher

32. Prohibition Volstead Act untouchables Gangsters 18th Amendment
Al Capone

33. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol
adopted in th AMENDMENT
an outgrowth of the long-time temperance movement
in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment
forced organized crime to pursue other interests…
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