1. DATA SNAPSHOT
Steuben County
Data SnapShot Series 1.1 March 2016

2. 01 03 02 04 Table of contents Introduction Economy Demography
Labor Market

3. 01
introduction
Purpose
About Steuben County

4. Introduction
Purpose
This document provides information and data about Steuben County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities.
The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county.
To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented.
Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings.
section 01

5. About Steuben County Introduction County Background Established 1837
Seat
Angola
Area
322 sq. mi.
Neighboring
Counties
Branch, MI
DeKalb, IN
Hillsdale, MI
LaGrange, IN
Noble, IN
Williams, OH
Metropolitan Status
Micropolitan (Non-Metro)
section 01

6. 02 demography Population change Population pyramids Race Ethnicity
Educational attainment
Takeaways 02
demography

7. Population change 2000 2010 2014 2020 Total population projections
Demography
Population change
Total population projections
The total population is projected to increase by 1 percent between and 2020.
2000
2010
2014
2020
The county’s total population increased by 3 percent between 2000 and Natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) was the major contributor to that expansion, with a gain of nearly 1,600 persons.
Growth due to net international migration also increased by individuals, indicating that the county experienced an influx of new people from outside the United States. In contrast, domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) registered a net loss of 1,137 individuals in Steuben County between 2000 and 2014.
Components of Population Change,
Total Change
488*
Natural Increase
1,587
International Migration
249
Domestic Migration
-1,137
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*Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference.
Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2014 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change

8. Demography
Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender.
2000
2014
Male
Female
Male
Female
Approximately 49.5% of the population was female in 2000 (16,443 people) and that percentage remained about the same in What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2014 time period.
People 50 and over increased from 28.2% to 39.7% between 2000 and Individuals of prime working age (20 to 49) dipped from 42.8% to 35.9%, with large losses among males and females in the 30 to 39 years old age grouping between 2000 and There was also a loss of youth (under 20) in the county (29.1% to 24.5%, respectively).
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates

9. Demography
Race
2000
The proportion of non-White residents grew by two-thirds in Steuben County between 2000 and 2014, although they remain a small part of the overall population.
Every race experienced a numerical increase over the time period. Of the non-White races, the county had the most growth in individuals identifying themselves as Black (+162) or Two or More Races (+145). Proportionally, these two races also gained the most, with a 120 percent and 78.4 percent increases, respectively.
The White population grew by 700 residents between 2000 and 2014, a small 2.1 percent increase.
2014
Note: The Native category includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates

10. 2% 3% Ethnicity Demography
Hispanics
Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country.
There were 683 Hispanics residing in Steuben County in This figure expanded to 1,113 by 2014, a 63 percent increase.
Due to this numeric increase, the proportion of Hispanics in the population is now around 3 percent. 2%
Hispanics 3%
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates

11. Educational attainment
Demography
Educational attainment
Steuben County had a 7 percentage point increase in the number of adults (25 and older) with an associate’s degree or higher between 2000 to 2014.
The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 84 percent in 2000 to 89 percent by Those with a high school degree only fell from 43 percent in to 38 percent in 2014.
Adults with a college degree increased from 22 percent in 2000 to 29 percent in This was due to a 3 percentage point increase in the proportion of residents with associate’s degrees (6 percent versus 9 percent), while the proportion of adults with at least a bachelor's degree increased from 16 percent to 20 percent, a 4 percentage point growth. .
2000
2014
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 ACS

12. Demography
Takeaways
The population of Steuben County is expected to grow over the next few years, and if past trends hold, that increase will be largely be due to natural increase (more births than deaths).
In examining the composition of Steuben County’s population, one finds an aging population. The number of residents 50 years of age or older increased by 11 percentage points between 2000 and Additionally, the number of men and women of prime working age (20 to 49) has been slowly declining. In fact, the county witnessed a significant loss of residents in the 30 to 39 years old age grouping between 2000 and 2014, possibly due to domestic out-migration (people moving out of the county for other U.S. locations).
Though the racial and ethnic diversity of Steuben County has increased since 2000, it remains primarily White and non-Hispanic.
The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the proportion of adults with a high school education or less represents about half of the county’s adult population. Assessing whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree or less may be helpful. About 29 percent of Steuben County’s adult residents have an associate’s, bachelor’s or higher degree, a figure that is only 3 percentage points below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole.
Steuben County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they meet the current and emerging needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment.
section 02

13. 03 economy Establishments Industries Occupations Income and poverty
Takeaways 03
economy

14. 0 1 3 4 Establishments Definition of Company Stages Economy
The number of establishments in Steuben County increased by 31 percent from to 2013.
The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. That is, 2,960 establishments were launched in the county between 2000 and , while 2,408 closed, resulting in a gain of establishments. There was a small gain of 40 establishments due to net migration.
An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments.
Definition of Company Stages
Components of Change for Establishments
Total Change ( )
592
Natural Change (births minus deaths)
552
Net Migration 40
Self-employed
2-9 employees 3
10-99
employees
employees 4
500+
employees
section 03
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – YourEconomy.org

15. Number of establishments by stage/employment category
Economy
Number of establishments by stage/employment category
2000
2013
Stage
Establishments
Proportion
Stage 0
483
25%
591
24%
Stage 1
1,067
56%
1,530
61%
Stage 2
305
16%
337
14%
Stage 3 44 2% 36 1%
Stage 4 0% 1
Total
1,899
100%
2,495
The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees.
*ReferenceUSA indicates two Stage 4 firms in 2013, whereas NETS shows only one Stage 4 firm. Additional information is available on the next slide.
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Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – YourEconomy.org

16. Top five employers in 2015 Economy Establishment Stage1.
Rieke Corporation
Stage 4 2.
TI Group Automotive Systems 3.
Tenneco, Inc.
Stage 3 4.
Cameron Memorial Hospital 5.
Miller Poultry
The largest employers produce a mix of regional, national and global goods and services.
Rieke Corporation in Hamilton is the largest establishment-level employer in Steuben County. They are global producers of drum, can and dispensing products.
TI Group Automotive and Tenneco supply automotive parts used nationally and globally. Cameron Memorial Hospital is a regional medical provider and Miller Poultry is a national level processed chicken provider.
Information on the top five establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both NETS and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use NETS for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments.
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Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup)

17. Number of jobs by stage/employment category
Economy
Number of jobs by stage/employment category
2000
2013
Stage
Jobs*
Proportion
Stage 0
483 2%
591 3%
Stage 1
3,954
20%
4,805
22%
Stage 2
7,519
38%
8,481
39%
Stage 3
7,840
40%
7,140
33%
Stage 4 0%
500
Total
19,796
100%
21,517
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*Includes both full-time and part-time jobs
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – YourEconomy.org

18. Amount of sales (2013 dollars) by stage/employment category
Economy
Amount of sales (2013 dollars) by stage/employment category
2000
2013
Stage
Sales
Proportion
Stage 0
$60,585,826 2%
$43,587,339
Stage 1
$587,497,345
21%
$369,705,480
Stage 2
$1,070,889,431
38%
$668,819,697
Stage 3
$1,096,226,643
39%
$682,128,168
Stage 4 $0 0%
$8,764,100
Total
$2,815,199,246
100%
$1,773,004,784
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Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – YourEconomy.org

19. Economy
Top five industries in 2014
61.6 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Steuben County.
Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (5,120 jobs). Health Care & Social Assistance is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 1,427 jobs.
Four of the top five industries in Steuben lost jobs between 2002 and Of these, Manufacturing lost the largest proportion (-15.9 percent). Accommodation & Food Services experienced the smallest decrease, with a 1.9 percent decline in jobs over the time period. The one industry that grew -- Health Care & Social Assistance – expanded by over 46 percent.
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

20. Industry distribution and change
Economy
Industry distribution and change
NAICS Code
Description
Jobs 2002
Jobs
2014
Change ( )
% Change ( )
Average Total Earnings 2014 11
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting
722
751 29 4%
$26,802 21
Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction 23 12
109%
$13,995 22
Utilities 63 61 -2
-3%
$80,490
Construction
842
836 -6
-1%
$37,998
31-33
Manufacturing
6,085
5,120
-965
-16%
$49,789 42
Wholesale Trade
426
299
-127
-30%
$52,581
44-45
Retail Trade
2,692
2,428
-264
-10%
$23,300
48-49
Transportation & Warehousing
446
795
349
78%
$54,585 51
Information
100
106 6 6%
$52,798 52
Finance & Insurance
447
510
14%
$41,241 53
Real Estate & Rental & Leasing
463
697
234
51%
$21,236 54
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services
419
410 -9
-2%
$38,004 55
Management of Companies and Enterprises 13
<10 - 56
Administrative & Waste Management
523
1,101
578
111%
$29,573
Educational Services (Private)
438
846
408
93%
$33,800 62
Health Care & Social Assistance
977
1,427
450
46%
$32,986 71
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
160
200 40
25%
$15,944 72
Accommodation and Food Services
1,629
1,598
-31
$14,277 81
Other Services (except Public Administration)
829
973
144
17%
$21,723 90
Government
1,697
1,656
-41
$40,395 99
Unclassified Industry
-100% $0
All
Total
18,984
19,843
859 5%
$35,667
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Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships. Industries and occupations with a value of <10 have insufficient data for change and earnings calculations.
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

21. Industry distribution and change
Economy
Industry distribution and change
The largest percentage gains in employment in Steuben County occurred in:
Administrative and Waste Management Services ( percent)
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction ( percent)
The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:
Wholesale Trade (-29.8 percent)
Manufacturing (-15.9 percent)
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2014:
Administrative & Waste Management (+578)
Health Care & Social Assistance (+450)
Manufacturing (-965)
Retail Trade (-264)
Wholesale Trade (-127)
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Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

22. Top five occupations in 2014
Economy
Top five occupations in 2014
The top five occupations in Steuben County represent percent of all jobs.
Production (3,751 jobs) is the top occupation classification in Steuben County. The smallest of the top occupations is Transportation & Material Moving with 1,584 jobs.
All five top occupations in Steuben County, except Production (-12.4 percent), had an increase in jobs between 2002 and Transportation & Material Moving occupations gained the largest proportion (+25.8 percent), while Office & Administrative Support occupations grew the slowest (+0.9 percent) over the time period.
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Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

23. Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Occupation distribution and change
SOC
Description
Jobs 2002
Jobs 2014
Change ( )
% Change ( )
Hourly Earnings 2014 11
Management
1,416
1,457 41 3%
$22.04 13
Business & Financial Operations
524
585 61
12%
$22.15 15
Computer & Mathematical
150
158 8 5%
$24.11 17
Architecture & Engineering
323
256
-67
-21%
$25.65 19
Life, Physical & Social Science 45 56
24%
$26.12 21
Community & Social Service
166
208 42
25%
$16.68 23
Legal 69 68 -1
-1%
$29.76 25
Education, Training & Library
633
758
125
20%
$20.77 27
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media
268
309
15%
$13.49 29
Health Care Practitioners & Technical
444
577
133
30% 31
Health Care Support
230
341
111
48%
$11.03 33
Protective Service
275
303 28
10%
$15.71 35
Food Preparation & Serving Related
1,564
1,623 59 4%
$9.00 37
Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance
488
597
109
22%
$9.47 39
Personal Care & Service
480
635
155
32%
$8.94
Sales & Related
2,558
2,677
119
$12.06 43
Office & Administrative Support
2,136
2,156 20 1%
$12.92
Farming, Fishing & Forestry 76
106 30
39%
$11.09 47
Construction & Extraction
707
711 4
$15.85 49
Installation, Maintenance & Repair
745
754 9
$17.42 51
Production
4,280
3,751
-529
-12%
$13.67 53
Transportation & Material Moving
1,259
1,584
325
26%
$15.19 55
Military
110
114
$16.39 99
Unclassified
51%
$13.82
All
Total
18,984
19,843
859
$14.89
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Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

24. Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Occupation distribution and change
The largest percentage gains in employment in Steuben County occurred in:*
Health Care Support (+48.3 percent)
Farming, Fishing & Forestry (+39.5 percent)
The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in:
Architecture & Engineering (-20.7 percent)
Production (-12.4 percent)
Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2014:
Transportation & Material Moving (+325)
Personal Care & Service (+155)
Production (-529)
Architecture & Engineering (-67)
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
* Unclassified occupations was the category with the largest percentage gains in the county with a 51.3 percent increase.
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Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

25. Income and poverty Economy 2002 2007 2014
Total Population in Poverty
8.3%
11.6%
12.8%
Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty
10.0%
16.3%
19.3%
Real Median Household Income (2014)*
$54,575
$52,698
$50,078
Real Per Capita Income (2014)*
$32,285
$32,980
$36,000
The median household income in Steuben County dipped by $4,500 between 2002 and in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $3,700 in real dollars over the same time period.
The total population in poverty increased by 4.5 percentage points between 2002 and 2014, but the number of minors in poverty increased by more than twice that amount. Nearly one in five minors was living in poverty by 2014.
*Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

26. Economy
Income and poverty Median household income in Steuben County declined between 2000 and 2013 but has shown some improvement since Per capita income has been fairly constant since 2001, improving modestly after Poverty rates for adults and minors have stabilized over the past couple years, although the rates remain high relative to 2000.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

27. Economy
Takeaways
The gradual decline in real median income experienced in Steuben County between 2000 and 2014 may be tied to employment changes. While the largest employment gains and losses were in industries and occupations with moderate pay, there is a $20,000 per year gap between the Manufacturing industry jobs lost ($50,000 yearly) and the Administrative & Waste and Health Care & Social Assistance industry jobs gained ($30,000 and $33,000 yearly, respectively). Similarly, moderate-paying jobs in Production ($14 per hour) were lost, while moderate-paying Transportation & Material Moving ($15 per hour) and low-paying Personal Care & Service ($9 per hour) jobs grew. No doubt, the ability of Steuben County to capture high paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well-trained and educated workforce, something that may be possible in light of the growing percentage of adults in the county with an associate’s degree or higher. Ensuring that a skilled workforce is available to support the key industries in the county will be important to the economic stability of the county.
Growth in the number of establishments in Steuben County occurred mainly in businesses having fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked by local leaders.
Steuben County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 establishments since they employ several people and capture sizable sales, although these sales have suffered in recent years.
Real median income has gradually decreased in Steuben County, despite growth in real per capita income. This, in conjunction with increased poverty rates, indicates a growing income imbalance in the county since While poverty rates have stabilized since 2011, they remain relatively high, especially among minors.
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28. 04 labor market Labor force and unemployment Workforce inflow/outflow
Commuter shed
Labor shed
Takeaways 04
labor
market

29. Labor force and unemployment
Labor market
Labor force and unemployment
The labor force in Steuben County increased by 15.8 percent between and 2014.
This increase could be due to a greater influx of adults that were previously discouraged workers now coming back to the workforce. At the same time, there was a 1.5 percentage point decrease in the unemployment rate, possibly due to an increase in the number of jobs available in the county.
2002
2007
2014
Labor Force
17,218
16,494
19,930
Unemployment Rate
6.5%
6.0%
5.0%
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2014 Annual Data Release)

30. Labor market
Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 14.5 percent in Since that time, the rate has been on a steady decline, dipping to 5.0 percent by 2014.
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2014 Annual Data Release)

31. Workforce inflow and outflow in 2013
Labor market
Workforce inflow and outflow in 2013
Steuben County has slightly more laborers traveling out of the county for work than into the county for work.
Net commuting is negative, with a loss of commuters. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Steuben County has 98 jobs.
Count
Proportion
Employed in Steuben County
14,277
100%
Both employed and living in the county
7,305
51%
Employed in the county but living outside
6,972
49%
Living in Steuben County
14,509
Both living and employed in the county
50%
Living in the county but employed outside
7,204
6,972
7,204
7,305
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

32. Commuter shed Labor market Same Work/ Out-Commuters Home
A county’s commuter shed is the geographic area to which its resident labor force travels to work.
Half of employed residents in Steuben County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Allen County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Steuben County.
Twenty-one percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Steuben County. However, the largest and third largest work destinations outside of Steuben County are the Fort Wayne (Allen County) and Elkhart- Goshen (Elkhart County) metropolitan areas, respectively.
7,204
7,305
Commuters
Proportion
Allen, IN
2,013
13.9%
DeKalb, IN
1,565
10.8%
Elkhart, IN
811
5.6%
Noble, IN
560
3.9%
LaGrange, IN
498
3.4%
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

33. Commuter shed in 2013 Labor market
Seventy-five percent of Steuben County’s working residents are employed either in Allen, DeKalb or Steuben Counties. Another 10 percent commute to jobs in Elkhart or Noble Counties.
Collectively, these five counties represent 85 percent of the commuter shed for Steuben County.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

34. Labor shed Labor market Same Work/ In-Commuters Home
A county’s labor shed is the geographic area from which it draws employees.
Forty-nine percent of individuals working in Steuben County commute from another county.
Twenty-four percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Steuben County, and four of the five top counties in the labor shed are adjacent counties. Of these counties, DeKalb County is the largest source of labor outside of Steuben County, while Noble County is the smallest.
6,972
7,305
Commuters
Proportion
DeKalb, IN
1,019
7.1%
Branch, MI
810
5.7%
Allen, IN
688
4.8%
LaGrange, IN
544
3.8%
Noble, IN
423
3.0%
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

35. Labor shed in 2013 Labor market
The bulk (75 percent) of Steuben County’s workforce is drawn from Allen, DeKalb, LaGrange or Steuben Counties in Indiana or Branch County, Michigan. Another 5 percent is drawn from Noble County, Indiana, Hillsdale County, Michigan, or Williams County, Ohio. An additional 5percent reside in Elkhart, St. Joseph and Marion Counties in Indiana or Lenawee and St. Joseph Counties in Michigan.
Combined, the 13 counties represent 85 percent of Steuben County’s labor shed.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

36. Takeaways Labor market
The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Steuben County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it more than quadrupled to 14.5 percent by Recent figures confirm that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since that time.
The county’s labor force has grown since This may be a natural increase due to population growth. It is also possible that an increasing number of unemployed individuals who were discouraged workers have reentered the labor market and begun looking for a job. Despite a growing labor force, the unemployment rate has continued to drop. This indicates that jobs have grown at a faster rate than the labor force has in the county. In fact, since 2010, employment has grown at a faster pace than has the population in the county.
Approximately half of Steuben County residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a tremendous loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties. Of course, this will require expansion in the number of good paying jobs that will help keep these workers in their home county.
The labor shed and commuter shed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development on a regional (multi-county) basis.
Information on Population and Employment Change
Year Pop chng LF chng Emp chng
Source: Census Population Estimates Program (PEP), BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
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37. OTM (On the Map): OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data are synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuter shed and labor shed data are fairly reasonable.
OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1 of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population.
YourEconomy.org (YE): YE, an online tool by the Business Dynamics Research Consortium at the University of Wisconsin – Extension, provides data on the employment, sales and number of establishments at numerous geographic levels in the United States.
A major data source for YE is the National Establishment Time Series Database (NETS), an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components.
Notes
LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics): LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county- level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments.
LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics): LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses.
SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates): SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations and administrative records.
NETS is an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components. NETS is compiled from Duns & Bradstreet data by the Business Dynamics Research Consortium at the University of Wisconsin – Extension and is available from youreconomy.org.

38. Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension.
Report Authors
Elizabeth Dobis
Bo Beaulieu, Ph.D.
Data Analysis
Indraneel Kumar, Ph.D.
Ayoung Kim
Report Design
Tyler Wright
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educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue University is an Affirmative Action institution. This material may be available in alternative formats.

39. FOR MORE INFORMATION
Please contact
Crystal Van Pelt
Community Development Extension Educator
x1400
PCRD
Mann Hall, Suite 266
Purdue University
Purdue Extension Community Development (CD) works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. OR
Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD) seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity.