1. Classical Greece 2000 B.C. – 300 B.C
Chapter Five

2. Greece Objective
Analyze the history, culture, and impact classical Greece had on the modern world

3. Setting the Stage….
477 B.C. to 431 B.C. = Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning
drama / sculpture / poetry / philosophy / architecture / science reached new heights

4. Pericles
wise and able statesman who led Athens during much of its golden age
honest / fair / skillful politician / inspiring speaker / respected general
held popular support for thirty-two years
Athens’ greatest leader who will fight for democratic reforms

5. Goals of Pericles strengthen Athenian Democracy
increase number of public officials who were paid salaries – anyone can serve
direct democracy – citizens rule directly; not through representatives
hold and Strengthen Empire
took over Delian League, dominated other city-states
make Athenian navy stronger - safer
glorify Athens
beautify Athens – gold, ivory, marble
Other city-states grew angry with Athens, some even forming their own (Sparta)

6. “Glory of Athens” Attributed to:
Athens had many sculptures, temples, and theatres were built
Athens accumulated vast amounts of gold, ivory, and marble for their city
Athens increased the size of their democracy

7. Art and Architecture Parthenon Sculptures
example of the excellence of Greek architecture
23,000 square feet
same style that had been used to create Greek temples
built to honor Athena
contained examples of Greek art
Sculptures
figures were graceful / strong / perfect
faces showed serenity
ideal beauty

8. Greek Drama
invented drama as an art form and built the first theaters in the west
showed expression of civic pride and a tribute to the gods
Tragedy
serious drama about common themes such as love / hate / war
tragic hero: extraordinary abilities but downfall was an
excessive flaw
Sophocles (SAHF*uh*luhs) was one of the most famous playwrights; known for writing Antigone

9. Greek Drama Comedy Greek Theatre and Drama
slapstick situations and crude humor
made fun of politics and respected people and ideas
showed freedom and openness of public discussion
Greek Theatre and Drama
had plays that wee performed in massive outside amphitheaters
actors could play various roles because they wore masks
dramas were performed in honor of the gods and were a sense of civic pride

10. Greek History Homer Herodotus Thucydides (thoo*SID*ih*DEEZ)
recounted Greek history
not accurate recordings
Herodotus
father of history
accurate recordings of what took place
book on Persian Wars is considered first work of history
Thucydides (thoo*SID*ih*DEEZ)
greatest historian of the classical age
certain types of events and political situations recur over time
studying these would aid in understanding the present

11. Greek Philosophers ** Philosophers ** Socrates “lovers of wisdom” **
determined to seek the truth, understand the laws of the universe through logic and reason
** Socrates
encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character
brought to trial for corrupting the youth ** and for neglecting the city’s gods
defended his beliefs – forced people to think about their values and actions
death penalty – drank hemlock (poison)

12. Greek Philosophers Plato Aristotle student of Socrates
wrote down Socrates’ beliefs
wrote The Republic
set forth vision of a perfectly governed society
not a democracy but ruled by philosopher-king
Aristotle
student of Plato
questioned nature of world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge
argue according to rules of logic = basis of the scientific method
created school that lasted over 1400 years
tutored Alexander the Great
Philosopher Music Video (3:46)

13. School of Athens (by Raphael)

14. Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
city-states tired of Athens’ wealth / power
people push for war
Sparta declares war in 431 B.C.
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens = stronger navy
Sparta = stronger army/ location can’t be attacked by sea

15. Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
second year of war = Athens hit by plague
wiped out 1/3 of population, including Pericles
421 B.C. = Truce
didn’t last
Athens attacked by Sparta’s allies
404 B.C.
Athenians surrendered
lost empire, power, and wealth

16. Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
At the end of the Peloponnesian War:
Sparta defeated Athens ending their reign as the most powerful Greek city-state
Greece was left in a weakened state leaving them open to invasion
the Macedonians will invade the Greeks uniting all of the Greeks under their rule

17. Essential Question
Do you agree with Socrates that there are absolute standards for truth and justice? Why or why not?
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

18. Greece Objective
Analyze the history, culture, and impact classical Greece had on the modern world