1. Matter - takes up space and has mass

2. States of matter 1. Solids have a rigid shape and fixed volume.
2. Liquids have a fixed volume but are not rigid in shape.
3. Gases have neither a fixed volume or rigid shape.

3. Physical Properties
can be observed or measured without changing a substance
density
magnetic character
color
odor
boiling and melting temperature
solubility

4. Chemical Properties
Ability to undergo specific chemical reactions and form new substances.
Examples:
Flammability
Reactivity
Ability to rust
Combustibility

5. CHANGES IN MATTER
Physical Changes- alter a substance without changing its composition.
Changes in state
Changes in shape or size
Generally REVERSIBLE
Chemical Changes- (reactions) one or more substances are changed into other substances
NOT easily reversible
Usually have one of the following…

6. Signs of a Chemical Reaction
temperature change
color change
production of gas
change in odor
formation of precipitate

7. Pure Substances
Pure Substances- have a uniform and definite composition; can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.
Element- matter which cannot be broken down.
B. Compound- pure substance which contains more than one element.

8. Element O
Oxygen O Fe
IRON Fe

9. Compound O
Oxygen Fe
IRON
Fe2O3
Iron(III)oxide
RUST!

10. Mixtures Mixtures- combinations of two or more pure substances.
Homogenous, or uniform mixtures have the same composition throughout. Also called a solutions.
Heterogenous, or non-uniform mixtures are those in which the composition varies throughout

11. Homogeneous Mixture a.k.a. SOLUTION
Same throughout.
All of liquid looks the same
Air is a solution
Oxygen (O2)
Nigtrogen (N2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Argon (Ar)
Others
Other Examples:
Air
Ink
Brass
Maple syrup
Salt water
Kool-aid

12. Heterogeneous Mixture
Regions of mixtures have different properties.
Sand + Water = Heterogeneous
Sand + Water + Stirring = Heterogeneous
Can still see different parts, not uiniform.
Examples:
Orange Juice
Pizza
Salad
Milk
Banana Split
Blood
Chicken Noodle Soup

13. Separating Mixtures
You can separate mixtures through physical changes.
Example:
Chromatography is
the separation of colors