2. Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum
CNS Part II
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

3. I. D I E N C E P H A L O N
Centrally located, encased by cerebral hemispheres
Composed of gray matter
Consists of:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

4. A. Thalamus
Largest portion of diencephalon
Encases the 3rd ventricle

5. Function of Thalamus “Gateway” to the Cerebrum!
Receives all afferent impulses and directs them to specific areas of cerebral cortex!

7. II. Hypothalamus Anterior/Inferior location to thalamus
Infundibulum: inferior projection connecting hypothalamus to Pituitary Gland

8. Infundibulum

9. Function of Hypothalamus
Functions as VISCERAL control center of body!
Monitors conditions in the body and makes adjustments to maintain…
H O M E O S T A S I S

10. How does the Hypothalamus Maintain Homeostasis?
Divided into Control Centers!
Autonomic Control Center
Blood pressure
Heart rate / breathing rate
Movement of food through digestive tract
Eye pupil size

11. Emotional Response Center
Part of LIMBIC SYSTEM!
Allows for perception of emotions
Allows for perception of biological urges
Influences Autonomic Control Center! Examples?

12. Temperature Regulation Center
Monitors temp of blood leading to body responses to temperature changes

13. Hunger / Thirst Control Center
Monitors blood for glucose / water levels
Low glucose  HUNGER!
High glucose  SATIATION!
Low water  thirst
High water  urination!

14. Sleep/wake Centers
What sense is relied upon most here?

15. Endocrine System Control Center
Regulates / Controls the PITUITARY GLAND!

16. III. Epithalamus Located superiorly/posteriorly to thalamus
Contains Pineal Gland
Secretes Melatonin
Induces Sleep!
Contains Choroid Plexus
Function?

17. II. BRAIN STEM Provides connection to Spinal cord Consists of:
MIDBRAIN
PONS
MEDULLA OBLONGATA

18. MIDBRAIN… know where it is! PONS…
Acts as relay center between cerebellum and motor cortex of cerebrum

20. MEDULLA OBLONGATA Regulates Autonomic Functions!
Heart Rate
Blood pressure
Breathing rate, etc.
“Monitored” by Hypothalamus!
(Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic)

21. III. CEREBELLUM
Located inferiorly to cerebrum
~10% of brain mass

22. Cerebellum

23. Cerebellum Anatomy Divided into cerebellar hemispheres
Connected by VERMIS
Superficial gray matter cortex
Deep White matter
Arbor vitae appearance of white matter

24. ARBOR VITAE

25. Function of Cerebellum
Processes information from premotor cortex and primary motor cortex!
Allows for physical coordination of movements!

26. Sensory Receptor Categories
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Act as Energy Transducers