1. Human Geography What are we looking for?
Understand the World and its patterns
“Why of Where?”
Why do certain events occur in certain places?
Why are places located where they are?
“What is there, why there, why care?”

2. Human Geography Why do I care?
Globalization
Interconnectedness of the world
Increasing interaction of peoples
Positive and Negative Effects
Sharing ideas / cultures / technologies
Desire for products -> Cheap Labor
Ideas / Culture Clash

3. Globalization
Maquiladora

4. Globalization

5. Globalization
Japanese McDonalds

6. Globalization
Al-Farooq Masjid
Atlanta, GA

8. Nasa.gov
After
Impact of a Tsunami
Before

9. Geographers How do they work?
Need to create a spatial perspective
The location of things and events
Used to explain why human events occur
Used to show how events are related
Nothing lives in isolation

10. Geographers How do they work?
Collecting data
Put data in spatial perspective
On a map
Use databases
US government UN
WHO
Collect Data
Quantitative
Qualitative

11. Spatial Perspective Human and Physical Geography
Analyzes structures, processes, and locations of the earth’s natural phenomena
Human Geography
Analyzes structures, processes, and locations of the earth’s humans and their interactions

12. New York City, USA

13. Shanghai, China

14. Carving of Buddha

15. Carving of Buddha, Afghanistan
Many statues of the Buddha have been destroyed by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

16. Geography It’s Nature and Perspectives
Unit 1
Geography
It’s Nature and Perspectives

17. 5 Themes of Spatial Perspective (or the 5 Themes of Geography)
Location
Human – Environment Interaction
Region
Place
Movement

18. 5 Themes Location Where is something located? 2 Types of Location
Absolute Location
Relative Location
2 Ways to Describe a location
Site
Situation

19. 5 Themes Location Absolute Location A precise, mathematical location
A location on the global grid
We use latitude and longitude to find Absolute Location

20. 5 Themes Location Latitude Lines parallel to the Equator Horizontal
Measure North and South

21. 5 Themes Location Longitude Parallel to the Prime Meridian Vertical
Measure East and West

22. Absolute Location Intersection between latitude and longitude.

23. 5 Themes Location Measuring Latitude and Longitude
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds
60 Minutes in a Degree
60 Seconds in a Minute

24. 5 Themes Location Time Zones 24 Time Zones Start at Prime Meridian
Use Latitude
Driven by economics for scheduling

25. Time Zones

26. 5 Themes Location Relative Location Relative to it’s surroundings
University of Georgia
Relative Location
Relative to it’s surroundings
Can change
With person / perspective
As area changes
Not precise
The Big Chicken

27. 5 Themes Location
Relative Location
Georgia Tech

28. 5 Themes Location Site Internal Physical and Cultural Characteristics
Andes Mountains, Argentina. This can be used to discuss the physical origin of horses (Europe) and why they are in South America (brought by Spanish Conquistadors)
Mt. Kilimanjaro, Kenya
Horses in Argentina?

29. Islamic Population Around the World
The location of a religious population can not only have an effect on the cultural landscape, but on the physical landscape as well.

30. 5 Themes Location Situation
Location relative to physical and cultural characteristics
Relative to things around it

34. 5 Themes Human / Environment Interaction
Cultural Ecology
How do humans affect the environment?
How does the environment affect humans?

35. 5 Themes Region Used to classify information Organizational tool
Not exact

36. 5 Themes Region
3 Types
Formal
Functional
Perceptual

37. 5 Themes Region
Formal
Tied to a physical or cultural characteristic

38. Appalachian Mountains

39. The Sun Belt

40. 5 Themes Region Functional “Nodal” Region A link that is established
Connects the people
Created by an outside influence

41. Functional Regions
Fig. 1-11: The state of Iowa is an example of a formal region; the areas of influence of various television stations are examples of functional regions.

42. 5 Themes Region Perceptual (Vernacular) Created by “perception”
Not exact
Based on opinion
Can change

43. Vernacular Regions
Fig. 1-12: A number of factors are often used to define the South as a vernacular region, each of which identifies somewhat different boundaries.

44. 5 Themes Place Has Human and Physical Attributes Human Physical
Religion, Language, Politics, Artwork, etc
Physical
Climate, Terrain, Natural Resources

45. 5 Themes Movement How / where do things “move” within a given space?
Ideas, people, goods, information, etc

46. 5 Themes Movement Spatial Interaction
How do places interact through movement?
Show impact of one place on the other

47. 5 Themes Movement Friction of Distance Space – Time Compression
How distance interferes with interaction
Interaction made easier over time
Improved Technology
Space – Time Compression
Increased connectivity due to increased technology

48. Space-Time Compression, 1492–1962
Fig. 1-20: The times required to cross the Atlantic, or orbit the Earth, illustrate how transport improvements have shrunk the world.

49. 5 Themes Movement Distance Decay
Influence of one area over another over distance
Less important with improved travel technology

50. 5 Themes Movement Diffusion How things spread or move within an area
From person to person or place to place
The characteristic of that spread

51. 5 Themes Movement Relocation Expansion Hierarchical Contagious
Stimulus

52. 5 Themes Movement
Relocation
Spread by physical human movement

53. 5 Themes Movement Expansion Hierarchical
From node or person of importance
Filters “down” to the general population
Based on relationship / location

54. 5 Themes Movement Expansion Contagious
Spreads quickly through the population
Regardless of who

55. 5 Themes Movement
Expansion
Part of the idea
Not the whole concept

56. Maps Study the earth and its features Cartography Cartographer
2-D representation of the earth / portion of the earth
Cartography
Cartographer

57. Maps Problem with maps Properties of Maps Distortion Shape Size
Putting 3D information in 2D
Properties of Maps
Shape
Size
Distance
Direction

58. Maps Properties Shape Size Geometric Shapes on the map
Area the map portrays

59. Maps Properties Distance Direction Distance between objects
Accuracy of cardinal directions on the map

60. Maps Properties Direction Cardinal Directions Intermediate Directions
Relative Directions

61. Maps
Some property will be distorted
Depends on the information

62. Each map displays different information. Where is India?
Each map displays different information. Where is India?

63. Where is India now? How did the information displayed change?

64. How has the map information changed?

65. Maps 4 Projection Types Equal Area Conformal / Orthomorphic Azimuthal
Equidistant

66. Maps Equal Area Projection Does not distort Area

67. Maps Conformal Projection Maintains Shape
Cannot have Conformal and Equal Area
Notice the size of Antarctica and Greenland

68. Maps Azimuthal Projection Maintains direction

69. Maps Equidistant Projection Maintains Distance
Notice the distortion in size of the countries / continents

70. Maps Can use combinations of each projection Most Common Types
Mercator
Robinson

71. Maps Mercator
Shows accurate shape
Distorts size / area

72. Maps Robinson Shows spherical contour A slight distortion of all
No radical distortion of any

73. Maps Peters

74. Maps Fuller

75. Maps
Cognitive Maps
“Mental Maps”
Show biases of the individual

76. Maps Scale Map Scale Scale of Inquiry
Distance on the map vs distance in the real world
Scale of Inquiry
The area of study
Global, National, Local

77. Maps Scale Larger the area shown Smaller the area shown
= smaller scale
Smaller the area shown
= larger scale

78. Scale Differences: Maps of Florida
Fig. 1-3: The effects of scale in maps of Florida. (Scales from 1:10 million to 1:10,000)

79. Maps Scale Map distance first 3 Types Fractional 1/1,000 / or 1:1,000
Written 1 inch equals 1,000 inches
Graphic

80. Maps Categories Reference Thematic Isoline Thematic
Choropleth Thematic
Proportional Symbol Thematic
Dot Density
Cartogram

81. Maps Categories Each type tells a different story Reference
Common Features
Roads, Bridges, Physical Features

82. Maps Categories
Thematic
Used to show 1 particular feature

83. Maps Categories
Isoline Thematic
Lines connect points of equal value

84. Maps Categories Choropleth Shows patterns in varying degrees
Uses color shading

85. Maps Categories Proportional Symbol Uses symbols to represent values
Larger symbol = larger value

86. Maps Categories Dot Density Each dot has same value
Used to show frequency

87. Maps Categories Cartogram
Proportional Sizes of area = frequency of some variable

89. Geography It’s Nature and Perspectives
Unit 1
Geography
It’s Nature and Perspectives

90. Geography It’s Nature and Perspectives
Intro To Geography
Geography
It’s Nature and Perspectives

91. Map Making Technology Used to construct new / more accurate maps
A collection of data

92. Map Making Data Collecting
Primary Data
Collected and used by Geographer
Can be qualitative or quantitative
Secondary Data
Collected by someone else
Databases

93. Map Making Technologies
GIS
Geographic Information System
Storage of information to be retrieved later
Information can be “layered”
Allows for a multitude of studies

94. Layers of a GIS
Fig. 1-5: A geographic information system (GIS) stores information about a location in several layers. Each layer represents a different category of information.

95. Map Making Technologies
GPS
Global Positioning System
Exact position on the earth
Uses the global grid
Latitude and longitude
Uses remote sensing