1. Leçon 1B
En Classe

2. En classe un crayon un sac à dos une fenêtre une horloge une carte
un livre
un cahier
un stylo
une feuille de papier
une chaise
une corbeille (à papier)
un dictionnaire
une porte
une calculatrice
une montre
pencil
backpack
window
clock
map
book
notebook
pen
sheet of paper
chair
wastebasket
dictionary
door
calculator
watch

3. En classe une bibliothèque un lycée une salle de classe une différence
un problème
un résultat
un (e) camarade de chambre
un (e) camarade de classe
une classe
un copain (une copine)
un (e) élève
une femme
une fille
un homme
un garçon
library
high school
classroom
difference
problem
result
roommate
classmate
class (group of students)
friend
pupil, student
woman
girl
man
boy

4. Identifier
Qui est-ce?
Quoi?
Who is it?
What?

5. Qu’est-ce qu’un Français typique?
What is your idea of a typical Frenchman?
France is a multicultural society with no single, national ethnicity. While the majority of French people are of Celtic or Latin descent, France has significant North and West African (ex. Algeria, Morocco, Senegal) and Asian (ex. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) populations as well. Long a terre d’accueil (a land welcoming newcomers), France today has over eleven million foreigners and immigrants. Even as France has maintained a strong concept of its culture through the preservation of its language, history, and traditions, French culture has been ultimately enriched by the contributions of its immigrant populations. Each region of the country also has its own traditions, folklore, and often, its own language. Regional languages, such as Provençal, Breton, and Basque, are still spoken in some areas, but the official language is, of course, French.

6. Immigrants in France by country birth

7. Le Monde Francophone
Many francophone countries are multilingual, some with several official languages. Switzerland: German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all official languages. German is spoken by about 74% of the population and French by about 21%. Italian and Romansh speakers together account for about 5% of the country’s population. Belgium: There are three official languages: French, Dutch, and German. Wallon, the local variety of French, is used by one-third of the population. Flemish, spoken primarily in the north, is used by roughly two-thirds of Belgians. Morocco: Classical Arabic is the official language, but most people speak the Moroccan dialect of Arabic. Berber is spoken by 10 million people, and French remains Morocco’s unofficial third language.

8. Superdupont
Superdupont is an ultra-French superhero in a popular comic strip parodying French nationalism. The protector of all things French, he battles the secret enemy organization Anti-France, whose agents speak anti-français, a mixture of English, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and German. Superdupont embodies just about every French stereotype imaginable. For example, the name Dupont, much like Smith in the USA, is extremely common in France. In addition to his béret and moustache, he wears a blue, white, and red belt around his waist representing le drapeau français (the French flag). Physically, he is overweight and has red nose-signs that he appreciates rich French food and wine. Finally, on his arm is un coq (a rooster), the national symbol of France. The Latin word for rooster (gallus) also means “inhabitant of Gaul” as France used to be called.

9. Subjects and Verbs
In English, sentences have a subject and a verb. The subject is the person or thing that is doing the action or that is being described. The verb is the action word, like jump or sing, or a linking word, like are or is, that links the subject to a description.
Ex. Denise sings well. Ex. Simon is blond.
French sentences also have a subject and a verb!
Ex. Denise chante bien. Ex. Simon est blond.
Both English and French use nouns as subjects. Nouns can be replaced by pronouns.
Ex. Denise is a friend. She is fifteen years old.
Ex. Denise est une amie. Elle a quinze ans.

10. Les sujets (subject pronouns)
Subject Pronouns replace a noun that is the subject of the sentence.
Ex. Paul parle français. Paul speaks French.
Il parle français. He speaks French.
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
1st person singular: je (i), 1st person plural: nous (we)
2nd person singular: tu (you) 2nd person plural: vous (you)
3rd person singular: il (he), elle (she) 3rd person plural: ils (they-male)/ elles (they-female)
and on (one) (people in general)
Singular Pronouns (je, tu, il/elle/on) refer to one person or object.
Plural Pronouns (nous, vous, ils/elles) refer to two or more people or objects.
Faites attention!!! (Pay Attention)
Je becomes j’ before a verb beginning with a vowel sound.
Ex. J’ai 15 ans I am 15 years old.

11. il vs. elle - il is used for people or things that are masculine.
Ex. Paul= il.
Paul is English
Paul est (is) anglais.
- elle is used for people or things that are feminine.
Ex. Marie= elle
Marie is American.
Marie est (is) américaine.

12. The French have two ways of saying they
Ils vs elles
The French have two ways of saying they
1. ils refers to two or more males or to a mixed group of males and females.
Ex. Paul et Marc = ils
2. elles refers to two or more females.
Ex. Annie et Sophie = elles
3. Be careful- even if there are more females than males you still must use the subject “ils” if there is at least one boy!
Annie, Marie, Caroline, et Marc= ils

13. Should you use ils or elles?
Ils ou elles??
Should you use ils or elles?
1. Les filles
elles
2. Les garçons
ils
3. Marc et Stephanie
4. des ordinateurs (m.)
5. Les classes (f.)

14. tu vs. vous Notice: tu = you vous = you
When talking or asking a questing to ONE person, the French have two ways of saying you :
tu (familiar/informal you): is used to talk to someone your own age (or younger) or to a member of your family.
vous (formal you): is used when talking to anyone else.
When talking to TWO or more people, the French use vous.

15. Should you use tu or vous?
Tu ou Vous??
Should you use tu or vous?
1. to address your teacher?
vous
2. to address a classmate? tu
3. to address your grandmother?
4. to address your principal?
5. to address 5 of your friends?

16. On
The subject pronoun On refers to people in general, just as the English subject pronouns one, they, or you sometimes do. On can also mean we in casual style but it always takes the same verb form as il or elle. Ex. En France, on parle français. In France, they speak French. In France, one speaks French. In France, we speak French.

17. Nous vs. Vous
1. Marie et moi (me) Marie and I Nous 2. Marie et toi (you)  Marie and you Vous

18. être  the infinitive form (hasn’t been conjugated yet)
Le verbe être
être  the infinitive form (hasn’t been conjugated yet)
Être (to be) is the most frequently used verb in French. Here are the following forms:
je suis I am
tu es you are
il/elle/on est he/she is
nous sommes we are
vous êtes you are
ils/elles sont they are
singular
plural
The verb être (to be) is IRREGULAR because its forms do not follow a predictable pattern.

19. Conjugate the following verbs:
Examples
Conjugate the following verbs:
1. Je __________ (être) à Paris.
Je suis à Paris.
2. Tu __________ (être) timide.
Tu es timide.
3. Nous _________ (être) sympathiques.
Nous sommes sympathiques.
4. Elle __________ (être) polie.
Elle est polie.
5. Il ___________ (être) charmant.
Il est charmant.

20. Le verbe être- Négatif
To express something in the negative use ne…pas around the verb. Ex#1: Elle n’est pas élégante. She is not elegant. Notice: The ne…pas goes around the verb. Ex #2: Je ne suis pas timide. I am not shy.

21. Adjectives describe people, places, and things (nouns).
What is an adjective?
Adjectives describe people, places, and things (nouns). 21

22. Les Adjectifs agréable amusant (e) brillant (e) charmant (e)
désagréable
différent (e)
difficile
égoïste
élégant (e)
impatient(e)
important (e)
indépendant (e)
pleasant
fun
bright
charming
unpleasant
different
difficult
selfish
elegant
impatient
important
independent

23. Les Adjectifs intelligent (e) intéressant (e) occupé (e) optimiste
patient (e)
pessimiste
poli (e)
réservé (e)
sincère
sociable
sympathique (sympa)
timide
intelligent
interesting
busy
optimistic
patient
pessimistic
polite
reserved
sincere
sociable
nice
shy

24. How do we know when a noun is masculine?
Masculin et Féminin
-Masculine adjectives are used with masculine nouns.
-Masculine adjectives do not change. Ex. Amusant
How do we know when a noun is masculine?
Look for masculine articles before the noun: le, un, il/ils or a male person
Ex. #1: Paul est _______ (intelligent)
“Paul” is masculine, therefore intelligent (adjective) is masculine too.
Ex. #2: Le professeur est ________ (élégant)
“le professeur” is masculine, therefore élégant (adjective) is masculine too. 24

25. How do we know when a noun is feminine?
Masculin et Féminin
Feminine adjectives are used with feminine nouns.
How do we know when a noun is feminine?
Look for feminine articles before the noun: la, une, elle/elles or a female person. 25

26. Feminine: Regular Adjectives
-Regular Adjectives are formed by adding an “e” to the masculine adjective.
Ex.#1: Elle est _________(intéressant)
“Elle” is feminine therefore intéressante needs an “e” at the end !
Ex. #2: La personne est ______ (brillant)
We know that “personne” is feminine because we have the article “la” in front of it therefore brillante needs an “e” at the end! 26

27. Ex#3: La femme est occupée. The woman is busy.
EXCEPTION!!!
Exception: If the masculine adjective already ends in “e” then there is no change to the feminine form.
Ex. #1: Jacques est ________ (timide)
Notice this noun is masculine (Jacques) but the adjective already has an “e” at the end. So “timide” stays the same.
Ex. #2: Marie est _________ (timide)
Notice that the noun (marie) is feminine but the adjective stays the same, I do not add an extra “e”. So “timide” stays the same.
BUT…. When an adjective ends in an accent aigu (é) add the letter “e” to make the word feminine.
Ex#3: La femme est occupée. The woman is busy. 27

28. Les Adjectifs: Le pluriel
- Plural adjectives can be used to describe masculine or feminine nouns.
How do we know when a noun is plural?
- Look for plural articles before the noun; les, des, elles/ils, and people.
- Add an “s” to the singular adjective to make it plural and change “est” to “sont”
Ex. #1: Paul et Pierre sont __________ (intelligent).
Paul and Pierre are masculine nouns. There are two of them therefore you need to use sont instead of est and you need to add a “s” to the end of the adjective.
Ex #2: Elles sont ______________ (amusant)
The subject “Elles” tells use that there are two female people and therefore you need to use “sont” instead of “est” and you need to add an “e” because they are feminine and a ‘s” because they are plural. 28

29. Les Adjectifs: Le pluriel
Ex. #3: Suzanne et Céline sont _________ (intelligent)
Suzanne and Celine are feminine nouns. There are two of them therefore you need to use sont instead of est. You also need to add an “e” because they are feminine and an “s” because they are plural.
Masc:
Fem:
Singulier:
petit
petite
Plural:
petits
petites 29

30. article + noun + adjective
La Place des adjectifs
In French, adjectives usually come AFTER the noun they modify.
article + noun + adjective
Ex. Ce sont des élèves brillantes.
Ex. Ce sont des copains intéressants.

31. La nationalité
Quelle est ta nationalité? Quelle est votre nationalité? What is your nationality? Je suis de nationalité canadienne. I’m of Canadian nationality. Ou (or) Tu es de quelle origine? Vous êtes de quelle origine? What is your heritage? Je suis d’origine italienne. I am of Italian heritage.

32. La nationalité anglais(e) français(e) japonais(e) chinois(e)
américain(e)
mexicain(e)
québécois (e)
marocain (e)
canadien(canadienne)
algérien (algérienne)
English
French
Japanese
Chinese
American
Mexican
From Quebec
Moroccan
Canadian
Algerian

33. La nationalité Italian italien (italienne) from Martinique
Senegalese
Swiss
Russian
Spanish
German
Vietnamese
italien (italienne)
martiniquais (e)
sénégalais (e)
suisse
russe
espagnol(e)
allemand(e)
vietnamien (vietnamienne)
Notice: In French there are no capital letters when you talk about nationalities!

34. Le Pluriel
If the masculine adjective already ends in an “s” you do not need to add another one.
Ex. #1: Claude et Robert sont ______(français)
Answer: français
BUT you still need to add an “e” and “s” when you are making this adjective feminine and plural.
Ex. #1: Chantal et Christine sont ______ (français)
Answer: françaises (irregular) 34

35. Les Questions
On est d’où? Where is one from? Je suis de Canada. I am from Canada Nous sommes des États-Unis. We are from the United States. Tu es comment? What are you like? Je suis poli et sympathique

36. Take a look…
Il est/ elle est C’est He is He is She is She is It is It is When do we use il est/elle est ? When do we use c’est? Ils sont/ elles sont Ce sont They are They are When do we use ils sont/elles sont ? When do we use ce sont?

37. Il est+ adjective elle est + adjective
il/elle est ou c’est?
Il est+ adjective elle est + adjective
Ex.#1: Il est he is… (Marc) Il est amusant.
Ex. #2:Ils sont they are… (Marc & Paul) Ils sont amusants.
Ex.#3: Elle est she is… (Julie) Elle est amusante.
Ex.#4: Elles sont they are… (Julie & Eve) Elles sont amusantes.
Ex.#5: un livre it is… (un sac) Il est grand (big)
Ex.#6: une télé it is… (une télé) Elles sont grandes. 37

38. il/elle est ou c’est?
Remarquez… Ex#1:Il est professeur. He’s a teacher. Notice, you cannot use an article before a profession after il/elle est and ils/elles sont. Ex. #2: Elle est chanteuse. She’s a singer. Notice in the French language, you don’t use the article “une”. Ex #3: Elles sont actrices. They are actresses.

39. C’est C’est + article + noun + (adjective) or
C’est + article +adjective + noun
**“C’est” is used when you have a noun!! Look for an article!
Ex.#1: C’est un homme amusant. (he is) homme is the noun.
Ex.#2: C’est une fille amusante. (she is) fille = noun
Ex.#3: C’est une chaise. (it is) chaise=noun.
Plural:
C’est becomes ce sont
Un/une becomes des
Ex.#3: Ce sont des camarades sympathiques. (they are)
Négative: Ce n’est pas
Ex.#1: Ce n’est pas (he’s not) un garçon intelligent.
Ex.#2: Ce n’est pas (it’s not) une montre. 39

40. C’est C’est is also used with names of people!
Ex. #1: C’est Michelle (it is)
Ex. #2: C’est Madame Spadafora 40

41. il/elle est ou c’est? Il/elle est ou ils/elles sont C’est ou ce sont
Singular: il est ou elle est
Négatif: il n’est pas ou elle n’est pas
Plural: ils sont ou elles sont
Négatif: ils ne sont pas ou elles ne sont pas
USE:
Adjectives
Professions
Singular: C’est
Négatif: Ce n’est pas
Plural: Ce sont
Négatif: Ce ne sont pas
USE:
When you see an article
(un, une, des)
2. Names

42. il/elle est ou c’est?
Ex #1: __________ amusante. Elle est Ex #2: __________ intelligents. Ils sont Ex #3: __________ Céline. C’est Ex #4: ____________ acteur. Il est Ex. #5: ____________ des bureaux. Ce sont

43. Les villes des pays français:
Le Monde Francophone
The French language is spoken on 5 continents. It’s the official language of NATO, United Nations, European Nation, and the Olympic Games. It’s the second most popular language (behind English) taught in the world.
Nombre de pays où le français est la langue officielle: 28
Nombre de pays où le français est parlé: plus de 60
Nombre de francophones dans le monde:
Les villes des pays français:
Algérie: Alger Laos: Vientiane Cameroun: Yaoundé
Mali: Bamako France: Paris Rwanda: Kigali
Guinée: Conakry Seychelles: Victoria
Haïti: Port-au-Prince Suisse: Berne
French is one of the official languages of UNESCO, which is the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO builds classrooms in impoverished countries, and also brings nations together in regards to social issues.

44. Francophones célèbres
Marie Curie ( ): Pologne. Received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of radioactivity and the isolation of radium. René Magritte ( ): Beligue. Was one of the most prominent surrealist painters. Ousmane Sembène: ( ): Sénégal. Is considered one of the founders of the African realist tradition and the first Africain to produce film. Jean Reno: (1948-) France. Has played a variety of roles in French and American films. Céline Dion: (1968-) Québec. Has received Grammy awards in the USA, Juno and Felix awards in Canada, and World Music Awards in Europe for her vocal talents. Marie-José Pérec (1968-) Gaudeloupe. Is the first sprinter to win consecutive gold medals in the 400-meter dash.

45. La société- Le français au Québec
Since Jacques Cartier arrived in the Gaspé and claimed the land for the French king in 1534, the people of Quebec have maintained their language and culture, despite being outnumbered and surrounded by English speakers. French became an official language of Canada in 1867.

46. Les gens- Les francophones d’Algérie
Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962, but French is still taught from primary school through high school. French is principally used in business relations, some social situations, and in the information industries. Some newspapers, as well as several television and radio broadcasts, are produced in French.

47. Les destinations- La Louisiane
The early settlers of Louisiana came from France and Acadian (now Nova Scotia and adjacent areas) during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Acadian settlers were descendents of French Canadians who were exiled from Acadia by the English and eventually settled in the bayou region. Cajun French evolved over time bringing terms from American Indian, German, English, African, and Spanish speakers.

48. Les Traditions- La journée international de la Francophonie
The members of l’Organisation international de la Francophonie comprise 63 states and governments. The celebrations in the various Francophone regions take place throughout the month of March. The name 20 mars was chosen to commemorate the signature of a treaty which created l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie.