1. Computer applications to water resources management
Prof. F.T. Mugabe

3. Variables that affect water resources – water quantity and quality
Demand for water
Supply of water
Management of water and water related resources

4. Demand for water
Population – population growth, population distribution and density, living standards, sanitation, urbanisation – SADC 140m (1995) – 292m (2025)
The increase in population – an increase in water use for domestic, industry and agriculture
WHO recommends 50 litres per person per day
Industrial growth – mining, manufacturing, tourism and recreation, power generation
Agriculture – irrigation – 40-60% lost as evaporation and seepage, aquaculture, stock industry
Ecological zones – wetlands, forestry, grasslands and rangeland, wildlife, fisheries

5. Water supply
What is the source of water supply? Surface water and groundwater
Surface water threatened by overexploitation, poor management, substandard sewage effluent and runoff from agricultural lands treated with herbicides and pesticides
Decrease in water supply due to pollution e.g Lake Chivero
Water hyacinth choking Lakes Chivero, Mutirikwis and Kariba
Climatic change and variability – lake and reservoir levels, river discharges, evaporation, soil moisture content, groundwater,

6. Management issues that would improve upon the availability of and access to water
Family planning – Chinese example
Settlement patterns and urbanisation
Appropriate policies
Water pricing structures
Technology choice – Tel Aviv
Participatory mechanisms
Regional cooperation
Where does Water resources modelling come in?