1. The Ocean

3. Saltwater Life Zones The Coastal Zone The Open Sea (Fig. 6-5 pg. 130)
Intertidal Zones
Rocky & Sandy Shores
Coastal Wetlands & Estuaries
The Open Sea (Fig. 6-5 pg. 130)
Euphotic Zone
Bathyal Zone
Abyssal Zone

4. Intertidal Zone Along shoreline Abundant: sunlight, nutrients, oxygen
Biologically productive
Coral Reefs
Turtles, sponges, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, starfish, algae, eels, snails
Sandy shores: crabs, burrowers, clams, worms, sand dollars, moon snail, blue crab, mole shrimp
Rocky shores: mussels, rockweed, oysters, barnacles, kelp, hermit crabs, sea stars

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7. The Open Sea Pelagic Life Bathyal Zone 75% of ocean
200 to 4000 m
Euphotic Zone
Continental shelf, slope and rise
Life
fish, whales, shark phytoplankton, bluefin tuna, manta rays, baleen whales
Bathyal Zone
4000 to 6000 m
Abyssal zone or plain
75% of ocean
Predators, scavengers
Nutrients “drift” in from above

9. Coral Reefs Shallow warm water Tropics to subtropics
Oldest & most diverse & productive ecosystem
Massive colonies of polyps
Zooxanthellae live in tissue of polyps
Provide numerous ecological services
Remove carbon dioxide
Protect coastline from battering waves
Provide habitats

11. Human Impact on Coral Reefs
Bleaching
Warmer water temperature
Pollution & runoff
Overfishing
Dynamite or cyanide
Boat groundings
Coastal development
Pollution
Tourism

12. Chesapeake Bay Atlantic Coast Salt marsh Largest estuary in US
Maryland, Virginia, DC
Salt marsh
Largest estuary in US
64,299 square mile watershed
Known for blue crabs, rockfish, oysters, bass
Problems: overfishing, pollution, invasive species

16. Everglades Southern Florida Wetlands Human Impact Subtropical
Alligators, birds of prey, snakes, otters, wading birds, mangroves, cypress swamps
Human Impact
Draining (1882)
Diverted water to cities
Agricultural runoff (phosphates)
Methyl mercury (bioaccumulation)

19. Water received is polluted
50% of original size
Water received is polluted
Runoff high in phosphate
Promotes invasive plant growth
Water Hyacinth
Oldworld Climbling Fern
1996 Government began restoration project
CERP – Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan