1. Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition
Michael Passer
Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition
Chapter 8:
Single-factor Experimental Designs
Clicker Questions
Questions by Melissa Terlecki, Cabrini College
© 2013 by Worth Publishers

2. Chapter 8
1. Experimental control does NOT include which of the following?
manipulation of one or more independent variables
choice of dependent variable measurement
regulation of the research environment
allowance of confounding variables

3. Chapter (Answer)
1. Experimental control does NOT include which of the following?
manipulation of one or more independent variables
choice of dependent variable measurement
regulation of the research environment
allowance of confounding variables

4. Chapter 8
2. Which criteria for a causal conclusion is achieved by exposing participants to the manipulated independent variable prior to any changes in the dependent variable?
covariation of X and Y
temporal order
absence of plausible alternatives
confounding variable

5. Chapter (Answer)
2. Which criteria for a causal conclusion is achieved by exposing participants to the manipulated independent variable prior to any changes in the dependent variable?
covariation of X and Y
temporal order
absence of plausible alternatives
confounding variable

6. Chapter 8
3. When one consistently alters their behavior towards participants based on experimental condition, it is called:
systematic bias.
random assignment.
counterbalancing.
between-subjects design.

7. Chapter (Answer)
3. When one consistently alters their behavior towards participants based on experimental condition, it is called:
systematic bias.
random assignment.
counterbalancing.
between-subjects design.

8. Chapter 8
In an experiment where all participants partake in four different yoga exercises and are then assessed for stress levels, it would be considered (a):
between-subjects design.
within-subjects design.
confounding variable.
experimental control.

9. Chapter (Answer)
In an experiment where all participants partake in four different yoga exercises and are then assessed for stress levels, it would be considered (a):
between-subjects design.
within-subjects design.
confounding variable.
experimental control.

10. Chapter 8
5. If participants are asked to visualize versus verbalize material (in their minds) that they need to remember, it would be an example of which approach in creating independent variables?
manipulating organism characteristics
altering the physical environment
varying the strategy used
altering the social environment

11. Chapter (Answer)
5. If participants are asked to visualize versus verbalize material (in their minds) that they need to remember, it would be an example of which approach in creating independent variables?
manipulating organism characteristics
altering the physical environment
varying the strategy used
altering the social environment

12. Chapter 8
6. In an experiment where the effect of caffeine is measured in student alertness during class, the independent variable would be:
caffeine.
alertness.
gender of student.
test-taking ability.

13. Chapter (Answer)
6. In an experiment where the effect of caffeine is measured in student alertness during class, the independent variable would be:
caffeine.
alertness.
gender of student.
test-taking ability.

14. Chapter 8 7. Which is an advantage of between-subjects designs?
creation of different but equivalent versions of the same task
carry over of exposure doesn’t occur
control of preexisting participant characteristics
recruitment of many participants to fill groups

15. Chapter (Answer)
7. Which is an advantage of between-subjects designs?
creation of different but equivalent versions of the same task
carry over of exposure doesn’t occur
control of preexisting participant characteristics
recruitment of many participants to fill groups

16. Chapter 8
8. Which type of between-subjects design includes random order of conditions within rounds?
matched-groups design
natural-groups design
random-groups design
block randomization

17. Chapter (Answer)
8. Which type of between-subjects design includes random order of conditions within rounds?
matched-groups design
natural-groups design
random-groups design
block randomization

18. Chapter 8
9. Which type of between-subjects design might separate preexisting groups of smokers and non-smokers to compare lung function?
matched-groups design
natural-groups design
random-groups design
block randomization design

19. Chapter (Answer)
9. Which type of between-subjects design might separate preexisting groups of smokers and non-smokers to compare lung function?
matched-groups design
natural-groups design
random-groups design
block randomization

20. Chapter 8
The difference between random assignment and random sampling is that:
random sampling is when each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected.
random sampling is used to determine the specific condition to which each participant will be exposed.
the goal of random assignment is to select a representative sample.
the goal of random sampling is to ensure participants across conditions are equivalent.

21. Chapter (Answer)
The difference between random assignment and random sampling is that:
random sampling is when each member of the population has an equal probability of being selected.
random sampling is used to determine the specific condition to which each participant will be exposed.
the goal of random assignment is to select a representative sample.
the goal of random sampling is to ensure participants across conditions are equivalent.

22. Chapter 8 11. Which is a disadvantage of within-subjects designs?
potential for order effects
requirement of fewer participants
collection of more data per condition
creation of equivalent groups

23. Chapter (Answer)
11. Which is a disadvantage of within-subjects designs?
potential for order effects
requirement of fewer participants
collection of more data per condition
creation of equivalent groups

24. Chapter 8
12. An experiment where participants become more fatigued across four conditions of speed training would be an example of:
carryover effects.
order effects.
progressive effects.
counterbalancing.

25. Chapter (Answer)
12. An experiment where participants become more fatigued across four conditions of speed training would be an example of:
carryover effects.
order effects.
progressive effects.
counterbalancing.

26. Chapter 8
13. Which type of within-subjects design involves the number of positions in a series by the number of orders in which each condition appearing only once in each column and row of a matrix?
all possible orders design
Latin square design
random-selected orders design
block randomization design

27. Chapter (Answer)
13. Which type of within-subjects design involves the number of positions in a series by the number of orders in which each condition appearing only once in each column and row of a matrix?
all possible orders design
Latin square design
random-selected orders design
block randomization design

28. Chapter 8
14. Participants randomly receive brands A and B of fabric softener, then receive them again in the opposite order to rate them for softness. This would be an example of which type of design?
Latin square design
reverse-counterbalancing design
block randomization design
random-selected orders design

29. Chapter (Answer)
14. Participants randomly receive brands A and B of fabric softener, then receive them again in the opposite order to rate them for softness. This would be an example of which type of design?
Latin square design
reverse-counterbalancing design
block randomization design
random-selected orders design

30. Chapter 8
15. Which is NOT used to analyze differences between more than two groups?
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
descriptive statistics
post-hoc tests
t-test

31. Chapter (Answer)
15. Which is NOT used to analyze differences between more than two groups?
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
descriptive statistics
post-hoc tests
t-test