1. Welcome to Biology Student pick up the following items: ISN Scissors
Daily assignment (pick up in order, pink first)
Color Pencils
Start updating your AGENDA
*Language objective

3. The Cell Cycle

4. The life of a Eukaryotic Cell
Cell Cycle- Repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.
Interphase- A cell spends 90 percent of its time in the first three phases of the cycle.

5. Cell Cycle & Mitosis G0 – resting phase (no growth, no division)
G1 (Gap 1) – Cell grows and performs its function
S – (Synthesis) DNA is copied/Replicated
G2 – (Gap 2) Cell prepares to divide
Mitosis – Cell nucleus divides
Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides into 2 new cells

6. The Cell Cycle G1- Cell growth S- DNA synthesis
G2- Growth and preparation for mitosis.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis- Cytoplasm divides
Mitosis- Nucleus of
the cell divides to
two nuclei.

7. Chromosomes Chromosomes = Tightly compacted strand of DNA
Chromosomes are only found in Eukaryotic organisms (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists)

8. Chromatid
Centromere

10. Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction

11. Human Karyotypes Humans have 46 chromosomes 23 pairs of chromosomes
Mother
Father
1-22 are called autosomes
#23 is the sex chromosome
A pair of chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes

12. Homologous = pair of chromosomes which code for the same gene
Autosomes = chromosomes which code for the basic body plan & characteristics 1-22
Homologous = pair of chromosomes which code for the same gene
Sex chromosomes = Determines gender and give gender/sex characteristics #23
Boy
Girl

13. Karyotype
Autosomes: 1-22
Sex Chromosomes: 23

15. Mitosis and Cytokinesis

16. ISN, new bathroom passes from table Fill in agenda
Welcome to Biology
Students please pick up the following:
ISN, new bathroom passes from table
Fill in agenda
Flip to page 39 of ISN
Be ready for the Bell Ringer

17. Write the question and answers at the very top margin of page 39.
Bell Ringer!!! 10/29/2013
Write the question and answers at the very top margin of page 39.
What are the stages of interphase where the cell spends 90% of its life? Give 1 or 2 key words with each phase.
_______(____________)
______ (_________________)
_______(________________)

18. Let’s Write the Stages of Mitosis First…
Prophase – DNA condenses from chromatin into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope dissolves (disappears)
Metaphase – Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
Anaphase – Chromatids pull away from each other to opposites poles (sides) of the cell
Telophase/Cytokinesis –
Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms around chromatids
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm begins to split apart forming 2 new cells

19. Spindles: Move Chromosomes

21. Prophase (Picture it) Pass…
DNA condenses from chromatin into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope dissolves (disappears)
Pass…

22. Metaphase (Middle)
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
Me…

23. Anaphase (Apart)
Chromatids pull away from each other to opposites poles (sides) of the cell
Another…

24. Telophase (Two) / Cytokinesis (Cut)
Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms around chromatids
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm begins to split apart forming 2 new cells
Twinkie!

25. Cleavage Furrow: Animal Cell
Cell Plate: Plant cell

30. Cell and Tissue Repair or Replacement
Cells that die or are injured are replaced by new cells, which are formed from Mitosis.

31. Reproduction- ONLY UNICELLULAR
Unicellular organisms make “clones” of themselves by using mitosis, by making a copy of their DNA and “splitting” through CYTOKINESIS.

32. Growth and Development
Babies and adults have the same size cells. The difference is that due to Mitosis, adults have many more cells which allow for growth and development.

33. Regeneration (7-10 weeks)
Some low level animals lose arms, legs, or even tails. Mitosis allows these body parts to grow back.

34. Cell Cycle Video

35. CANCER
Cancer is caused by damaged DNA. The damage to the DNA affects the cell cycle checkpoints which results in a disrupted cell cycle.

36. CANCER
Cells in a disrupted cell cycle grow too fast and too large. The result is a mass of irregular cells. Sometimes the cells can recognize they are irregular and will lyse or cause apoptosis (cellular suicide). But sometimes even that mechanism is faulty and the irregular mass of cells becomes a tumor.

37. Types of TUMORS
Benign
Malignant

38. Benign (mild- nonprogressive) Tumor
Tumors that do not spread in an organism’s body. They remain in one location and can be safely removed.

39. Blood vessels, muscle, fat, nerves

40. Malignant Tumor
Tumors which can metastasize. Metastasize means irregular cells break away and travel to new places in the body to start new tumors. Ex. Breast cancer cells can create tumors in the liver.

41. Cancer Spreading (Metastasize)

42. 56 pound Malignant Tumor

43. Cell Checkpoints
Checkpoints are places within the cell cycle where the cell checks itself. Checks for DNA damage and other structural or physiological problems.
If unable to repair the cell will start apoptosis (cell suicide) or be marked for macrophage consumption.

44. FAILED Checkpoints! DNA damage leads to failure
Tumors and cancer forms from failed checkpoints.
Abnormal sex cells
Cause apoptosis on healthy cells.

45. Cell cycle animation

46. Faulty check points may lead to abnormal cell growth (Cancer)
Check points fail in Mitosis will end up in a mutation (Cleft palate)
Defective check points result in death of the cell