1. Unit 4 World War I Ch. 13 Russian Revolution Ch. 14 Section 1

2. A Fragile Peace There had been peace in Europe for years (CoV?)
OTTO von BISMARCK
A Fragile Peace
There had been peace in Europe for years (CoV?)
However, many forces were at work to destroy the peace
Otto von Bismarck – Germany (1871) and Realpolitik

3. Causes of World War 1 NATIONALISM THE BALKAN COUNTRIES IMPERIALISM
Local competition for resources and materials
Creates rivalry
IMPERIALISM
Overseas conflict for territories
Creates mistrust
MILITARISM
See definition
THE BALKAN COUNTRIES
Southeastern Europe
Gateway to Mediterranean
$$ in trade (Suez?)
ALLIANCE SYSTEM
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers
England, France (U.S.)
ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND
See video

4. Militarism INDUSTRIALIZATION Kept citizens feeling safe and patriotic
“Glorifying military power and keeping a strong military always ready for war”
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Kept citizens feeling safe and patriotic
Increased economy of each nation
Countries competed with each other for bigger and better

5. Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated June 28, 1914 on visit to Bosnia
Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Black Hand) committed to ridding Serbia of Austrian rule
Austria-Hungary sends troops to Serbia, and Germany supports them
Russia supported Serbia and sent troops to Austria ALLIANCE SYSTEM

6. “War Declared By All”

7. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

8. Question of the Day Is there anything you would willingly die for?
If so, what is it?
If not, what is the biggest personal sacrifice you have ever made?

9. The Schlieffen Plan
German troops would race west to fight France then come back and fight Russia (which is slower to mobilize)
BUT Belgium is neutral
First Battle of the Marne defeated the Germans and saved the Allied Powers
This two front war would quickly become a stalemate everywhere

10. Stalemate Western Front fought to a “draw” Trench warfare
War of Attrition
War spreading to ROW

11. A New Type of War - New Weapons
Trench Warfare
Machine Gun
Poison Gas
Tank
Airplanes/Blimp
Submarines

12. World War 1 Tech

13. Other Things Happening…
1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic
At least 50 million people died around the world
Balfour Declaration
Calls for a Jewish Homeland
Eventually lead to creation of Israel

14. United States “Total War” Prez Wilson declares war April 2, 1917
WHY? Because of…
Unrestricted German sub activity (Lusitania)
Cultural ties
Economic ties
War atrocities (propaganda)
Zimmerman Note –
Mexico vs US?
“Total War”
Lusitania May 7, 1915

15. Gallipoli Campaign Allied failure
Australians (ANZAC) vs Turks (Ottoman Empire)
Over 500,000 total casualties with a 60% casualty rate
Rocky/hilly terrain, heavily defended
Example of senseless death of war

16. Central Powers Slowly Defeated
Germany surrendered and declared itself Weimar Republic
Armistice signed
November 11, 1918 in a railroad car near Paris
Remember this RR car!

17. Wilson’s 14 Points Wilson’s 14 Points – peace plan
Wanted Self-determination
and a League of Nations
Britain and France wanted harsh punishment for Germany
Compromised with the
Treaty of Versailles – June 28, 1919
Very hard on Germany – See Hitler, Adolf

18. German Territorial Losses and new countries (Map)
Treaty of Versailles
German Territorial Losses and new countries (Map)
German Military Restrictions
War Reparations - $$
League of Nations
War Guilt Clause (MOST DAMAGING)
RESULTS:
No country is happy
Creates more animosity & anger
World War 2!!

19. Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II “Peace, Land, Bread”
Maintained old-regime type control
Same problems as France during FR
“Peace, Land, Bread”
Led by Vladimir Lenin
Czar and family killed
Marx-like “classless” society, except….with one ruling class
1922- United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)
Lenin dies…
Joseph Stalin MoS!

20. Lenin Dies - 1924 Joseph Stalin wins!? Totalitarian State
After Lenin dies Battle for control with Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin wins!?
more brutal than Lenin; purges gov’t
Totalitarian State
“Stalin – Man of Steel”

21. Europe in 1914 22 23 21 25 24 Triple Entente (Allied Countries)
Page Name and color
Triple Entente (Allied Countries)
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Neutral Countries 22 23 21 24 25

22. Post-WW1 Map of Europe 30 26 27 29 28 Page 382 Name, color compare
Countries with same name BUT lost or gained land
NEWLY independent or newly created countries
Countries that stayed EXACTLY the same as before the war 30 26 27 29 28