1. Chapter Twenty-Eight Additional Information about Verbs
College Writing Skills with Readings

2. Additional Information about Verbs
Here are the three areas we’ll discuss in this section:
Verb Tense
Helping Verbs
Verbals

3. Verb Tense. . . . . . tells you the time of the action.
Let’s start with the simple
present,
past, and
future.

4. Verb Tense
We can be a little more specific about time using these other tenses:
Perfect Tense (Add a form of the verb “have”)
Progressive Tense (Add a form of the verb “be”)
Perfect Progressive Tense (Add both the verbs “have” and “be.”)

5. Present
action in the present
I am laughing.

6. Past
Action in the past
I laughed yesterday.

7. Future
Action expected to happen in the future
I will laugh tomorrow.

8. Present Perfect
describes a present state of being based on past action
I have visited Paris several times.

9. Past perfect
past form of to have with the past participle form of the main verb
describes secluded events that have occurred before something else followed. The event that is closer to the present is given in simple past tense:
After we had visited our relatives in New York, we flew back to Toronto.

10. Future Perfect
something will occur before another action in the future.
[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]
You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

11. Present Progressive used to describe events happening now
“to be” with a present participle .
I am reading this wiki article, and I am thinking about editing it.

12. Past Progressive
Past progressive is used for describing events that were in the process of occurring when a new event happened. The already occurring event is presented in past progressive, the new one in simple past.
to be and the verb’s present participle
He was going to the theater.

13. Future Progressive
action that will be taking place at some time in the future.
"will" plus "be," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending)
I will be running in next year’s Boston marathon.

14. Present Perfect Progressive
events or actions that have begun at some point in the past and continue through the present
I have been reading this article for some time now.

15. Past Perfect Progressive
event that has been going on until the present and may be continued in the future.
have/has + participle been and the verb’s present participial form:
We have been waiting.

16. Future Perfect Progressive
Actions that will be unfinished, but have reached a certain stage:
This time next month, I'll have been living here for three years.

17. Helping Verbs Be Have Do
There are three verbs that can both stand alone and help other verbs:
Be Have Do

18. Helping Verbs Be Have Do Used Alone Used as Helping Verbs
I was busy. I was getting tired.
Mary has the floor. Mary has stepped in it.
He did a bad thing. He did love her.
Be Have Do

19. Helping Verbs Let’s review for a minute: I was getting tired.
Mary has stepped in it.
Analysis: verb “be” used as helper = progressive, and past tense of verb “be” = past progressive.
Analysis: verb “have” used as helper = perfect, and present tense of verb “have” = present perfect.

20. Helping Verbs There are also nine helping verbs called
that are always used together to help other verbs.
Let’s look at a chart:
Modals

21. Helping Verbs Modals Can I can hope, can’t I?
Could I could eat more, I suppose.
May Roger may be detained.
Might You might regret that tattoo, Jerry.
Shall I shall see if there’s another room, sir.
Should John should get his head examined.
Will William will want to wander around a bit.
Would Glasses would help, I think.
Must You must take your feet off that rug, Marty.
Modals

22. Verbals Verbals Verbals are words formed from verbs.
There are three kinds:
Infinitives
Participles
Gerunds

23. Verbals
Infinitive
An is formed by adding the word “to” to the base form of the verb.
“to” + “steal” =
“to steal”
Example:
Jesse James loved to steal money from bankers.
What is the infinitive of the verb “steal”?

24. Verbals A is a verb form used as an adjective.
The present participle ends in -ing.
Participle
The past participle ends in -ed or is irregular.
Example:
Looking over her tax returns, the weeping accountant tugged her bleached hair.

25. Verbals Let’s make a gerund out of the verb “bowl.” A is the -ing
“Bowl” + “ing” = “Bowling”
A is the -ing
form of a verb used as a noun.
Example:
Bowling is not a sport, because you can smoke while you’re doing it.

26. ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Activities
Activities 1, 2 & 3 pages
©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
College Writing Skills / CWS with Readings, 7E