1. The Byzantine Empire!
Grade 7th

2. Fall of the Roman Empire:

3. Roman Citizens: 7.1
The Roman concept of the citizen evolved during the Roman Republic and changed significantly during the later
Roman Empire. All males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens.
Citizens of Rome distinguished themselves from slaves and other non-citizens by wearing a toga; most wore a white toga.
During the Empire, each emperor wore a purple toga to distinguish himself as the princeps, or "first citizen."

4. Split of the Roman Empire: 7.2
Constantine the Great, C.E., divided the Roman Empire in two into (West and East) and made Christianity the dominant religion.
The Western Empire broke apart and small kingdoms were formed.Christianity explodes across the region.
The Eastern Empire remained prosperous, and formed the foundation of a new empire called the Byzantine Empire.
A strong army, good government, and a rich economy helped give the empire a long life.

6. Justinian Looks to the Past: 7.2
In 527 A.D. Justinian I began to plan ways to make the Byzantine Empire as great as the Roman Empire had been in the past.
With a strong army, he conquered:
Many lands that Rome had lost
Alexandria in Egypt
Carthage in northern Africa
Athens in Europe

7. Justinian Code: 7.3
Emperor Justinian chose ten men to review 1,600 books full of Roman Law (Twelve Tables) and create a simpler legal code.
These men were able to create the Justinian Code with just over 4,000 laws. The laws were recorded in four books.
Many of the laws in Justinian’s Code reflect the point of view of his wife, Theodora.

8. Empress Theodora: 7.3
Theodora encouraged her husband to make new laws that were fairer to women.
Laws allowing parents to leave property to daughters
Laws improving women’s rights
Innocent until proven guilty
Theodora assisted her husband in choosing government leaders.
She believed jobs should be given based on ability and not social class.

9. Byzantine Economy: 7.4 Justinian worked to build a strong economy.
Constantinople was a meeting place for merchants from Europe and Asia.
New industries – Silk
He ordered silkworm eggs smuggled from China, along with mulberry trees.
This ended the monopoly China held on the world’s silk trade.

10. Constantinople

11. Crossroads of Trade: 7.4
The city of Constantinople was built at a major crossroads of land and sea trade routes.
Goods filtered into the city from:
Kiev in the north (current day Russia)
Egypt in the south
China from the east
Byzantines charged taxes on all goods that passed through the city.
Over time, the empire grew rich.

12. Fall of the City of Rome:
The Visigoths looted, burned, and pillaged their way through the city of Rome, leaving a wake of destruction wherever they went.
The plundering continued for three days.
For the first time in nearly a millennium, the city of Rome was in the hands of someone other than the Romans.

13. Visigoths Sack Rome:

14. Charlemagne!

15. Charlemagne: 7.34
An Emperor who ruled Western Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire. Ex: France, Germany, etc.

16. The Holy Roman Empire & Charlemagne: 7.35
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who was a military general and restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled
In return, Leo placed a crown on Charlemagne and named him the “Emperor of the Romans” which secured the relationship between Frankish kings and the papacy
Charlemagne became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, a dynasty that would last for more than 700 years
Charlemagne- imposed order on empire through the Church and state
Ordered the standardization of Latin, textbooks, manuals for preaching, schools for clergy and people, new form of handwriting
All these promoted education and scholars and produced a precise written language (Latin)
Iberbia- (present day Spain) had privileged class of estate owners called seniores; strong ties to Church; southern Spain conquered by Moors (Islamic people from North Africa) and clashes between Christians and Muslims, who were called infidels (Latin meaning unfaithful) *

17. France (Gaul): 7.35
Charlemagne united the Frankish kingdoms and built a vast empire across Western and Central Europe.

18. Anglo-Saxon: 7.34
The end of Roman rule in Britain enabled the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which is often regarded as the origin of England and the English people.

19. Birth of Modern Languages: 7.34
Development of Middle Ages
New languages born through migration, resettlement, conflict and changes
Old English (Anglo Saxon) began to incorporate words borrowed from Latin and Old French, Old German and Old Norse
Roots of contemporary Spanish, Italian and other Romance languages

20. Middle Ages or Medieval Period
All the empires we have studied to this point have been referred to as Ancient Civilizations.
Mesopotamia
Fertile Crescent
Egypt
India
China
Greece
Rome
Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history until the Early Middle Ages in Europe.
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and lasts to about 1500.

21. Roman Empire Legacy:

22. Closure:
Write a half page paper on what you thought was the most important item we learned about today. Prepare to share with class.

23. Assignment:
Draw a map of the world and label where the Ancient Civilizations existed.

24. The End!