1. New frontiers: south and west part I
The New South

2. GEORGIAN HENRY GRADY
ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND MORE DIVERSE FARMING IN SOUTH

3. ECONOMIC GROWTH Textile mills flourished (cotton)
Lumber – southern pine

4. Coal – iron ore
Liquor
Clay – bricks, glass, stone
Fertilizer

5. AGRICULTURE SHARECROPPING TENANT FARMING CROP LIEN SYSTEM
OWNED NOTHING, WORKED FOR SUPPLIES AND HALF THE CROP
TENANT FARMING
KEPT ¾ CASH CROPS & 2/3 SUBSISTENCE CROPS
CROP LIEN SYSTEM
MERCHANTS GAVE SUPPLIES IN RETURN FOR MORTAGAGES OF FARMERS’ CROPS (ENDLESS CYCLE OF DEBT)

6. 1877 political cartoon by Thomas Nast depicting Democratic control of the South

7. BLACKS DISENFRANCHISED
BOURBON REDEEMERS HAVE POLITICAL POWER AFTER RADICAL REPUBLICANS BY 1877
GROW INCREASINGLY INTOLERANT OF BLACK INFLUENCE IN POLITICS/SOCIETY
POPULIST PARTY EMERGES-FARMERS
NEW VOTING REQUIREMENTS
RESIDENCE (2 YEARS IN STATE, 1 IN ELECTION DISTRICT)
ANY CRIME-DISQUALIFIED (EVEN PETTY CRIMES)
POLL TAX PAID ON TIME
LITERACY TEST (50% BLACKS, 12% WHITES ILLITERATE…UNDERSTANDING LOOPHOLE FOR LATTER)
LOUISIANA “GRANDFATHER CLAUSE” (1867)

8. Bourbon redeemers
Sought to rid the South of the coalition of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and freedmen
Heavily influenced post-Reconstruction South

9. IDA B. WELLS BARNETT -Founded NAACP
-Yellow fever killed parents; raised 6 siblings
-3 friends lynched by white mob 1892; became writer/editor Memphis Free Speech newspaper, focused on black issues
-Promoted full equality blacks & women

10. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON CABIN WHERE WASHINGTON WAS
BORN A SLAVE IN VIRGINIA
-“Cast Down Your Bucket Where You Are” (Atlanta Compromise Speech)
--Find a way to provide for family before fighting segregation
--Practical approach…

11. Response to Washington: we cannot “surrender the leadership of this race to cowards”
W.E.B. DUBOIS
-HOME OF DUBOIS IN NYC
-Harvard Graduate, doctorate in history
-Full Equality for blacks NOW “ceaseless agitation”