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Rome’s Decline Chapter 12.2
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Tennessee SPIs 6.64 Reflect on the impact of the lives of Cleopatra, Marc Anthony, Nero, Diocletian, and Constantine, city of Constantinople on the Roman Empire Describe the origins and central features of Christianity Analyze how internal and external forces caused the disintegration of the Roman Empire: including the rise of autonomous military powers, political corruption, moral decay, economic and political instability, shrinking trade, invasions, and attacks by Germanic tribes Explain the spread and influence of Roman alphabet and Latin language; use of Latin as language of education; role of Latin and Greek in scientific/academic vocabulary Compare/contrast Roman and Greek gods/goddesses; Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Pluto, Hera and their inclusion in modern society.
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A Troubled Empire Century of violence followed Pax Romana
Army grew more powerful than government Civil wars 234 A.D. – 284 A.D. – 22 different emperors Corrupt government Support of education declined Wealthy stopped paying taxes Most people were slaves
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Economic Weaknesses Trade disrupted Food shortage
Unemployment was high Government made more coins, but they had less value. Inflation
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Invasions Germanic tribes attacked in the west.
Persians attacked in the east.
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Diocletian A.D. 284 Diocletian became emperor Reforms Built forts
Divided empire into 4 parts Tried to strengthen economy People ignored him
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Fall of Rome: Constantine’s Rule
A.D. 312 Constantine becomes emperor Made sons work in same business as their fathers A.D. 330 moved the capital to Byzantium (Turkey), became known as Constantinople Theodosius took over after Constantine’s death. Divided empire into 2 parts in A.D. 395 Western empire – capital of Rome Eastern empire- capital of Constantinople
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Germanic Invaders 300 and 400s AD Germanic tribes invaded Roman land
Huns entered the scene in late 300s Visigoths settled outside Roman borders and gained protection from the Roman army. Rome treated them poorly, so the Visigoths rebelled in A.D. 378. A.D. 410, Visigoth leader, Alaric, captured Rome. Vandals, another Germanic tribe, also attacked
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Roman Emperor Forced Out
A.D.476 Germanic general, Odoacer, took control No Roman emperor would ever rule from Rome again End of the Western Roman Empire Germanic tribes and Goths continued to fight Roman culture continued Byzantine Empire (Eastern Rome) lasted another 1,000 years
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Rome’s Influence on Law and Government
Everyone is equal in eye’s of law Innocent until proven guilty Republican form of government Want citizens to participate
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Rome’s Cultural Impact
Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese) all come from Latin Literature Architecture – domes and arches Concrete
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Ancient Rome and Christianity
Christianity began in Rome. Roman emperors spread religion in the A.D. 300s Roman roads helped Christians travel and spread the gospel.
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