1. Injury to Muscles, Bones and Joints
Acknowledgements
Where illustrations have been sourced from the internet, the licencing arrangement under which they have been reproduced is shown in parentheses.
VA Picture Author
muscle LP640 (Attribution-Share Alike 3.0)
skeleton Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (public domain (wikimedia))
sprained ankle harrygouvas (Attribution-Share Alike 3.0)
hamstring strain trevererbondi (public domain (wikimedia))
opentibial# tiffanisullivan (public domain (photobucket))
clavicle#L Fpjacquot (public domain (wikimedia))
broken_ankle2 CJ Sorg (Attribution ShareAlike 2.0)
splinted casualty R Scarsbrook
splint closeup R Scarsbrook 
Injury to Muscles, Bones and Joints

2. Contents
Anatomy
Sprains and strains
Fractures and dislocations

3. Bones and muscles Skeleton Muscles bones ligaments
support, protection, movement
Muscles
muscle
tendons
movement, vital functions

4. Sprains & strains Sprain Strain
stretching or tearing tissues at a joint
pain at joint
swelling
bruising and discolouration (later)
pain on movement
inability to move joint
Strain
overstretching of a muscle
sudden sharp pain at site of injury
swelling in limb muscle

5. Treatment RICE Rest - support in most comfortable position
Ice bag or cold water compress
Compression with cotton wool and bandage
Elevation of injured area
Evacuate to medical aid
RICE

6. Fracture causes Break or crack in bone Direct force Indirect force
Violent muscular contraction

7. Fracture features Types Complications open closed associated injuries
organs
blood vessels
tissues
nerves
spine
missed injuries
shock

8. Dislocation Displacement of one or more bones at a joint
Treat the same as a fracture
hard to distinguish anyway
do not attempt to reset
Normal
Dislocated

9. Signs & symptoms Sound Visible bone ends Pain Deformity Crepitus
Tenderness
Swelling/bruising
Loss of power
Shock

10. Treatment Immobilise where lying Steady limb until splinted
Support in most comfortable position
Dress open fracture before splinting
Transport slowly and deliberately
Don’t miss other less obvious conditions
Treat for shock
Nil by mouth
Evacuate to medical facility

11. Practicalities Uninjured limbs make good splints
Splints need length & rigidity
Padding
Natural hollows
Knots away from injury
Don’t bind too tightly
Raise injury if possible

12. Summary
Anatomy
Sprains and strains
Fractures and dislocations