1. Locating the Epicenter

2. Seismometer – measures seismic waves
Seismogram – seismic recording
Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists

3. Seismogram – Seismic Recording

4. Earthquake damage is measured by 2 scales:
Richter Scale 1-10 each increase of 1=10 fold increase in shaking (exponential)
Mercalli Scale I-XII based on the damage to buildings and observed effects
Richter scale use plastic bottle demonstration

5. Major Hazards of Earthquakes
1. Buildings and/or structures Collapse
2. Landslides
3. Fire from gas leaks
4. Tsunamis (Not Tidal Waves!)

6. How can you protect yourself?
Secure heavy objects
Identify shelters
Plan evacuation route
Prepare emergency medical kits
Store food, supplies and fresh water
Build earthquake resistant structures

7. Tsunamis Large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes
Travel about 400 mph
Pass Unnoticed at Sea, Cause Damage on Shore
Warning Network Around Pacific Can Forecast Arrival
Whether or Not Damage Occurs Depends on:
Direction of Travel
Harbor Shape
Bottom
Tide & Weather

11. Use ESRT Page 11 and the difference between the P and S wave time to determine the epicenter distance

13. HOW MANY SEISMIC STATIONS DO YOU NEED TO FIND THE EPICENTER?

14. Locating Earthquakes

15. Locating Earthquakes

16. Locating Earthquakes
You need 3 seismic stations to find where the epicenter

17. Time of = P-wave - P-wave Earthquake Arrival Travel T ime Time