1. Articulations and Skeletal Disorders
Chapter 5 Appendix

2. Bone Articulations
Bone articulations are the interaction points for bones. This is where bones meet and move together.
Types of Articulations
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Plane Joints
Hinge Joints
Condyloid Joints
Saddle Joints
Ball-and-Socket Joints

3. Types of Articulations
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones are connected with only cartilaginous material.
Allow for more movement than fibrous joints, but less movement than synovial joints
Synovial Joints
Joins bones with fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the articulating bones.
The joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid.
Many, but not all, contain bursa sacs.
Fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid.
Provide reduced friction within the articulation.

4. Types of Synovial Joints
There are six types of Synovial Joints
Plane Joint – Allow for gliding and sliding movements; are multi-axial such as the articulation between vertebrae.
Examples: Carpals, Acromioclavicular Joint
Hinge Joint – allows for flexion and extension in just one plane
Example: Elbow joint between the humerus and ulna.
Pivot Joint – One bone rotates around another
Examples: proximal and distal radioulnar joints.
Condyloid Joints – Modified ball-and-socket joint that allow primary movement within two perpendicular axis points; allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements.
Example: Radiocarpal joint

5. Types of Synovial Joints
Saddle Joint- bone surfaces are reciprocally concavo-convex in shape and permit articulation in a greater range than Condyloid joints.
Example: carpometacarpal joints, sternoclavicular joints.
Ball-and-Socket Joint – allow for all movements except for gliding. Structured as a ball fitting into a socket.
Glenohumoral, and acetabulofemoral

6. Disorders of the Bones and Joints
Arthritis – is any of many disorders of bone articulations in which pain and swelling occur.
Types of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis – The most common variety of arthritis; can affect many of the joints of the body; onset caused by normal wear and tear on the articulation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis – a condition in which the body’s own immune system attack the tissues of the body, damaging joint lining and cartilages in articulations.
Gout – inflammation of the joint caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the articulation.

7. Osteoporosis
A disease where bones are weakened by one or more of many factors that affect bone density. People with osteoporosis are at a greater risk of bone fracture.