1. PEACEMAKING:
Terms of the Treaties

4. January, 1919
Victorious countries convene in Paris. Versailles has 32 nations involved.
Russia in revolution
1917: Tsar overthrown
1918: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending the war with Germany
: Civil War – Red Army vs White Army

5. Terms of the Treaties - Versailles
Creation of the League of Nations
Clause 231: “The War Guilt Clause”
Germany held solely (along with her allies) accountable for the war
Clause 232:
Germany must compensate “all of the damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers.”
Amount not released until May 1921: $50 billion USD

6. Terms of the Treaties - Versailles
Germany loses 10% of its land, 12.5% of its population to other countries in the region:
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
Saarland (heavy in coal and iron) placed under League Control ***just wait!***
The Rhineland is demilitarized over the following 15 years
Poland is given a “corridor” so that they can access the Baltic Sea, splitting Germany in two
Germany had to return lands that they acquired through Brest-Litovsk, creating the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

7. Map of the region: 1919

8. France’s concerns
France worries that this is not enough to protect them, so Wilson signs the Anglo-American Treaty that protects them if they ever attacked.
This is not ratified in the US Senate
Later proves difficult for Britain

9. Poland The nation of Poland is created through this treaty
“Polish Corridor” – splits up Germany and East Prussia
“Curzon Line” – Poland’s original border with the USSR, but as they are in a Civil War, they move into the region. They soon pushed back (see map)

11. League of Nations Mandates
The League of Nations sets up “mandates”
These are regions and countries that were previously under German control that are being granted self-determination
More information to come

12. Disarmament German military limited to 100,000 troops
Enlisted men must serve 12 years, officers 25 years
The navy, airforce and major artillery (tanks, etc) greatly limited / negligible

13. Anschluss Anschluss: the union between Austria and Germany
Greatly favoured by the people of Austria
A plebiscite held in 1919 showed that people in Austria in favour of joining Germany
Writers of Versailles would not let this happen
Later became Nazi propaganda in the region; unified under Hitler in 1938

14. Paris Peace Conference
Other treaties signed:
Treaty of St Germain
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Neuilly
Treaty of Sevres
Now it’s YOUR turn…