1. 5.7 – NOTES Element Notes

2. I. Properties of s-Block Elements
A. Representative elements (s and p blocks)
- show wide range of properties
B. Hydrogen
- can behave like a metal (loses e-) or a nonmetal (gains e-)
- most abundant element in the universe

3. C. Group 1A: alkali metals
1. Lithium – batteries, treats bipolar disorder
2. Sodium and potassium – most abundant alkai metals  essential to diet
3. Other alkali metals – very reactive

4. D. Group 2A: alkaline earth metals
1. Beryllium – non-sparking tools
2. Calcium – dairy; bones & teeth; chalk & limestone, contributes to hard water
3. Magnesium – fireworks and sparklets; chlorophyll, contributes to hard water
4. Strontium – fireworks (red-orange)
5. Barium – intestinal testing

5. II. Properties of p-Block Elements
A. Group 3A: The Boron Group
1. Boron – Borax – most common form – boron fiber preceded carbon fiber
2. Aluminum – cans, foil, cars, bike frames (light weight)
- Aluminum is the most abundant metal in earth’s crust (3rd overall in the crust)
3. Gallium – melts in hand, used for computer chips, 10x more efficient than silicon

6. B. Group 4A: The Carbon Group
1. Carbon – (organic chemistry) – forms more compounds than any other elements
- 4 bonding sites, can make double or triple bonds
2. Silicon – 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust
- SiO2 – quartz (sand)
3. Lead – Lead protects from radiation, can mimic calcium in the body
4. Tin – cars, bronze costume jewelry

7. C. Group 5A: The Nitrogen Group
1. Nitrogen – most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere (79% N2)
2. Phosphorus – cealning products, fertilizers, ATP
3. Arsenic – poison
4. Antimony – Stainless Steel
5. Bismuth – Pepto bismol

8. D. Group 6A: The Oxygen Group
1. Oxygen – most abundant element in the earth’s crust (2nd most in atmosphere – 20% O2)
2. Sulfur – yellow solid (smells like rotten eggs)
3. Selenium – Solar panels, helps prevent cancer

9. E. Group 7A: The Halogens
1. Fluorine – toothpaste, most reactive elements
2. Chlorine – green poisonous gas, disinfectant
3. Bromine – only liquid nonmetal
4. Iodine – Purple Solid (sublimes)

10. F. Group 8A: Noble Gases
1. Helium – balloons and blimps, less dense than air
2. Neon – Neon Signs – glows a red orange
3. Argon – Most abundant noble gas (3rd in Earth’s atmosphere – 1%), double paned windows
4. Krypton – Double-paned windows

11. III. Properties of d-Block and f-Block Elements
A. Transition metals
1. Formation of ions – lose e-
2. Magnetism and metals
– permenant: Fe, Co, Ni
- Temporary magnets: paramagnetic
3. Sources of transition metals – mined, some are pure, some are found as oxides (Fe2O3)
4. Uses of transition metals – infrastructure; jewelery, wiring

13. B. Inner transition metals – Rare Earth Elements
1. Lanthanide series
- silvery metals, high melting points
- usually found mixed together
2. Actinide series
- radioactive properties
- uranium – nuclear power
- synthetic elements (#93 and up)