1. Solar Spectrum
wavelength in Å
Joseph von Fraunhofer, 1814

2. Radiation from hot objects

3. Emission Spectra
Emission spectrum of Hydrogen

4. Emission Spectra Emission spectrum of Hydrogen
Emission spectrum of Iron

5. Kirchhoff’s Three Laws of Spectroscopy:
Light from a hot solid object has a continuous spectrum with no dark lines
The same light, passed through a cool gas has the same spectrum, but with certain wavelengths missing  dark lines (absorption spectrum)
Light emitted by a hot gas  bright lines superimposed on an otherwise black background  emission spectrum
UV
IR

7. Blackbody Radiation

9. Thompson’s Plum Pudding Model
raisins
pudding
electrons are discrete particles embedded in a smeared out
positive background charge

10. Rutherford’s Experiment

11. Rutherford’s Experiment

12. Rutherford’s Experiment
Scattering
Intensity
(arb. units)
Thompson
model
[°]
Rutherford’s
data

13. Rutherford’s Experiment

15. Atomic Spectra

17. Louis Victor Pierre Raymond,
Matter Waves
Louis Victor Pierre Raymond,
7e Duke of Broglie
( )
Nobel Prize for Physics, 1922
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19. Electron Microscopy Carbon Nanotubes Ebola Reston CdSe Nanoparticles
(Virginia)
CdSe Nanoparticles