1. Judaism and Islam

2. Chapter Three Section Four
The Origins of Judaism

3. Judaism and Islam Objective
Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam

4. Setting the Stage
the Phoenicians lived in a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea that was later called Palestine
Canaan (Kay*nuhn) was the ancient home of the Hebrews, later called the Jews
their history, legends, and moral laws are a major influence on Western culture
began a tradition shared by Christianity and Islam

5. The Search for the promised land
early history of Hebrews is contained in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible
** Jews call these books the Torah (TAWR*uh) and consider them the most sacred writing in their traditions **
Christians = Old Testament
** Abraham is the “father” of the
Hebrew people because he was
chosen by God **

6. The Search for the promised land
1800 B.C. moved his people to Canaan
1650 B.C. moved to Egypt
Hebrews were monotheists
monotheists: a belief in a single god
Yahweh looked after the Hebrews because Abraham promised to obey him; followed a covenant
covenant: mutual promise between God and the founder
of the Hebrew people

7. Moses and the Exodus
At first, Hebrews were given places of honor in the Egyptian kingdom; later they were forced into slavery
1300 B.C. – 1200 B.C. the Hebrews fled Egypt = “Exodus”
Moses was the person who led the Hebrews out of bondage
all first male heirs killed
survived and raised by an Egyptian princess

8. ** the Ten Commandments sacred by the Hebrews **
Moses and the Exodus
Moses climbed to the top of Mount Sinai and brought down two stone tablets
Ten Commandments became the basis for the civil and religious laws of Judaism
** the Ten Commandments
are followed and held
sacred by the Hebrews **

9. Hebrew Law Ten Commandments were part of a code of laws
this code resembled Hammurabi’s Code with its attitude of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”
strict justice softened by expressions of God’s mercy
Hebrew law requires believers to worship God and to treat other human beings fairly
ethical monotheism = live a good moral life and emphasis on the right conduct
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were influenced by ethical monotheism

10. ** Hebrew’s ** sacred to them
** 1. the Ten Commandments and the Torah are
sacred to them
2. they were overrun by the Assyrians and the
Babylonians and were allowed to return home
after the Persians took over their land
3. Solomon built a temple in Jerusalem to house
the Ark of the Covenant **

11. Essential Question
In what ways are the laws delivered to Moses similar to Hammurabi’s Code?
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

12. Chapter Ten Section One
The Rise of islam

13. Judaism and Islam Objective
Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam

14. Setting the Stage
the cultures of the Arabian Peninsula were in constant contact with one another for centuries
Southwest Asia (Middle East) was a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe where goods were traded and new ideas were shared
one set of shared ideas would become a powerful force for change in the world – the religion of Islam

15. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads for three continents – Africa, Europe, and Asia
Arabia, Oman, and a few oases can support agriculture
remainder of land is desert; inhabited by nomadic Arab herders
Bedouins (BEHD*oo*ihnz) = Arab nomads (tribes / clans)
Bedouins ideals of courage, loyalty to
family, and warrior skills would
become the Islamic way of life

16. Mecca during certain holy months, caravans stopped in Mecca
brought religious pilgrims who came to worship at an ancient shrine in the city called the Ka’aba (KAH*buh)
Arabs associate Ka’aba with Abraham, a Hebrew prophet and a believer in one God
many gods were worshipped overtime; the Ka’aba contained more than 360 idols brought by many tribes

17. Mecca Allah was known on the Arabian Peninsula
Allah: Arabic for the concept
of belief in one god
Christians and Jews lived in the Arabian Peninsula and practiced monotheism
mixed religious environment, around 570 A.D., Muhammad was born

18. The prophet Muhammad Muhammad (570 A.D. – 632 A.D)
Muhammad was born into the clan of a powerful Mecca family
orphaned at age six
raised by his grandfather and uncle
received little school and began working in the caravan trade
at 25, became a trader and business manger
married Khadijah (kah*DEE*juh)

19. Revelations
Muhammad took great interest in religion and often spent time alone in prayer and meditation
at 40, Muhammad’s life changed overnight
a voice called to him while he meditated in a cave outside Mecca
according to Muslim belief, the voice
was that of the angel Gabriel
the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad
that he was a messenger of Allah
Muhammad believed that the Lord spoke to him through Gabriel
Muhammad became convinced that he was the last of the prophets

20. ** Muhammad was the founder of Islam **
Revelations
** Muhammad was the founder of Islam **
Muhammad began to teach that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned
Islam: submission to the will of Allah
Muslim: one who has submitted
613 A.D. Muhammad had begun
to preach publicly in Mecca

21. Revelations Muhammad met with hostility
622 A.D. he decided to leave Mecca
630 A.D the prophet and 10,000 of his followers marched to the outskirts of Mecca
Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Ka’aba
most Meccans pledged loyalty to Muhammad and converted to Islam

22. Beliefs and Practices of Islam
the main teaching of Islam is that there is only one God, Allah
Islam teaches:
there is good and evil
each individual is responsible for the actions of his or her life
to be a Muslim, ALL believers have to carry out five duties = Five Pillars of Islam

23. The Five Pillars Faith – statement of faith
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah”
Prayer – five times a day facing Mecca to pray
Alms – Muslims have the responsibility to help
the less fortunate = special religious tax
Fasting – Islamic month of Ramadan, Muslim’s
fast between dawn and sunset = their
spiritual needs are greater than their
physical needs
Pilgrimage – all Muslims who are physically and
financially travel to Mecca at least
once

24. Beliefs and Practices of Islam
** Islam must follow the Five Pillars **
carrying out the Five Pillars of Islam ensures that Muslims live their religion while serving in their community
Islam has no priests or central religious authority
every Muslim is expected to worship Allah directly
the Qur’an is the holy book of the Muslims and is written in Arabic

25. Beliefs and Practices of Islam
Muslims believe that Muhammad’s mission as a prophet:
to receive the Qur’an
to demonstrate how to apply it to life
Sunna (SOON*uh) – Muhammad’s example – is the best model for proper living
Shari’a (shah*REE*ah) – system of laws that regulates the family life, moral conduct and business and community life of Muslims

26. Links to Judaism and Christianity
Allah is the same God that is worshiped in Christianity and Judaism
** Muslims beliefs:
** view Jesus as a prophet, not the Son of God **
Qur’an as the world of Allah as revealed to Muhammad, in the same way that Jews and Christians believe the Torah and the Gospels were revealed to Moses and the New Testament writers
Qur’an perfects the earlier revelations = final book and final prophet
Christian and Jews are “people of the book” because each religion has a holy book with teachings similar to those of the Qur’an
extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews
all three faiths
believe in heaven, hell, and the day of judgment j
trace their ancestry to Abraham

27. Essential Question
In what ways are the teachings of the Muslims similar to those of Christians and Jews?
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

28. Judaism and Islam Objective
Analyze the differences between Judaism and Islam