1. IDA Orlando – Nursing THEORIST theory of Nursing Process
Hello. Marlene, Shelby, Elissa, and Amy would like to introduce you to Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process. Ida Orlando published her theory in 1961 in her first book which was titled – The Dynamic Nurse Patient Relationship; Function, Process, and Principles.
By:
Marlene Marlatt
Shelby Birchmeier
Elissa Gray
Amy Roelse

2. Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process
Purpose Statement
Ida Orlando’s nursing process theory is based on the importance of how a nurse observes, listens to, processes, and reacts to a patient. This leads to effective nursing practice and good outcomes. (Schmieding, 2009, p. 759)
-Orlando’s theory was developed in two parts
The initial theory was on nursing process and its affect on the nurse-patient relationship (Black, 2014, p. 277)
The second part of the theory focused on nurses react to patient communication, verbal and nonverbal (Black, 2014, p. 277)
Orlando felt that nurses needed to use the information they gathered from their observations and interactions with the patient to care for the patient’s immediate needs (Black, 2014, p. 277).
There are two parts to her theory. The first part addresses the nursing process and its affect on the nurse patient relationship, while the second part focuses on how nurses react to different types of communication, verbal and nonverbal, from the patient.

3. Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process
Orlando’s Theory can be used for evidence based practice (EBP)
“The best efforts of nurse researchers are pointless unless nurses make use of their research findings to improve patient care in their day-to-day practices… One way to ensure positive patient outcomes is through evidence based practice” (Black, 2014, p. 227).
Nurses need to use observations and the nursing process to determine a patient’s needs. When helping patients meet or discover their needs/goals, nurses use EBP research for interventions and interactions leading to quicker, successful outcomes.
The Orlando Theory can be used for evidence based practice by collecting patient feedback, both verbal and nonverbal, to support research and provide evidence that some nursing practices provide better patient care than others.
Patient feedback is the best way to verify our patient care is effective and that we are meeting our patient’s needs.
Theories improve evidence based practice by creating a starting point for nursing action to build upon, and without nursing theory we would not have a foundation.
An example of this would be a patient who presents with a rash. The nurse would use Orlando’s Theory when practicing evidence based practice to determine the etiology of the rash (is it a virus, plant contact, allergic reaction, or communicable disease). The questions who, what, where, when, how, and why need to be answered.

4. Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process
Metaparadigms as related to Orlando’s Theory
Person: Looking and listening to what the patient is saying through behavior, conversation, interactions, and non-verbal signs and symptoms to develop a patient specific care plan
Environment: Assessing the patients support from family/friends
The four parts of the metaparadigm as they relate to Orlando’s Theory are: person, environment, health, and nursing.
Focusing on the person is accomplished by observing and listening to all the patient’s communication: verbal, nonverbal, posture, and facial expressions.
When focusing on the environment, the nurse focuses on the patient’s interactions with their family and friends and gives careful consideration to the patient’s culture and their backstory, to help individualize their nursing care plan.
Health is focused on by observing the patient’s interactions with healthcare workers, considering their lifestyle habits (nonjudgmentally), and keeping the patient informed & educated, to help individualize their care plan and achieve their health goals.
“In terms of nursing practice, Orlando’s theory specified how patients are involved in nurses’ decision making.”

5. Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process
Metaparadigms as related to Orlando’s Theory (continued) Health: Acknowledging the patient’s definition of health through observation and education Nursing: “Orlando’s theory improves the effectiveness of the nurse by allowing the nurse to get to the ‘bottom line’ more quickly when observing, listening to, and confirming with the patients.” (Black, p. 277, 2014).
The four parts of the metaparadigm as they relate to Orlando’s Theory are: person, environment, health, and nursing.
Focusing on the person is accomplished by observing and listening to all the patient’s communication: verbal, nonverbal, posture, and facial expressions.
When focusing on the environment, the nurse focuses on the patient’s interactions with their family and friends and gives careful consideration to the patient’s culture and their backstory, to help individualize their nursing care plan.
Health is focused on by observing the patient’s interactions with healthcare workers, considering their lifestyle habits (nonjudgmentally), and keeping the patient informed & educated, to help individualize their care plan and achieve their health goals.
“In terms of nursing practice, Orlando’s theory specified how patients are involved in nurses’ decision making.”

6. Orlando’s Theory of Nursing Process
Orlando’s Theory impacts the contemporary health care environment Locally: nurses make an impact by being able to provide care for patients that meets not only their physical needs, but also their social, economic and cultural needs Regionally: an impact can be made by nurses through the notation of trends in the needs of patients socially, economically and culturally Globally: nurses make an impact by demonstrating that effective patient care is universal in nursing and that it transcends cultures and socioeconomic factors
Orlando’s Theory impacts the contemporary health care environment.
Locally – The Orlando Theory improves health care by making changes in patient care based on feedback from local patients through the assessment and observation of individual(s) and the community to determine needs and interactions to improve care. The feedback helps to identify patient and community health care concerns/needs.
Regionally – The Orlando Theory improves health care by identifying trends based on the concerns and needs noted at the local levels, determining changes in care provided at a patient and community level, and making these recommendations back to local health care providers.
Globally – The Orlando Theory improves global health care by coordinating patient care as determined necessary by identified trends locally, regionally and globally. An example of this would be sentinel influenza monitoring. This assists the CDC and WHO in monitoring current influenza levels and determining vaccine and prophylactic treatment needs.
References
Black, B.P.  (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (7th ed.) Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders
Schmieding, N. J. (2009). Putting Orlando’s Theory into practice. American Journal of Nursing, 84(6), , 1984