1. Western Youth Services Outreach & Engagement
Bullying
Western Youth Services
Outreach & Engagement

2. What is bullying?
Def: an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.
Behavior: Repeated or has potential to be repeated over time.
Imbalance of Power: Bullies use their power
i.e.: teasing, name calling, taunting, threatening to causes harm.

3. Types of Bullying

4. Verbal Bullying
Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:
Teasing
Name-calling
Inappropriate sexual comments
Taunting
Threatening to cause harm

5. Physical Bullying
Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:
Hitting/kicking/pinching
Spitting
Tripping/pushing
Taking or breaking someone’s things
Making mean or rude hand gestures

6. Social Bullying
Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:
Leaving someone out on purpose
Telling other children not to be friends with someone
Spreading rumors about someone
Embarrassing someone in public

7. Cyber Bullying
Combination of verbal and social except it is done over social medias such as:
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
Snapchat
Others

8. Why is Cyber-bullying Different?
Youth who are being cyberbullied are often bullied in person as well
Larger Audience
Happens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

9. The Roles Youth Play
Instead of labeling the persons involved, focus on the behavior. For instance:
Instead of calling a child a "bully," refer to them as "the child who bullied"
Instead of calling a child a "victim," refer to them as "the child who was bullied"
Instead of calling a child a "bully/victim," refer to them as "the child who was both bullied and bullied others."
There are many roles that kids can play. Kids can bully others, they can be bullied, or they may witness bullying. When kids are involved in bullying, they often play more than one role. Sometimes kids may both be bullied and bully others or they may witness other kids being bullied. It is important to understand the multiple roles kids play in order to effectively prevent and respond to bullying.

10. Importance of not Labeling
When children are labeled as "bullies" or "victims" it may:
Send the message that the child's behavior cannot change
Fail to recognize the multiple roles children might play in different bullying situations
Disregard other factors contributing to the behavior such as peer influence or school climate
When referring to a bullying situation, it is easy to call the kids who bully others "bullies" and those who are targeted "victims," but this may have unintended consequences.

11. Additional Roles Youth Play
Kids who assist
Kids who reinforce
Outsiders
Kids who defend
Kids who Assist: These children may not start the bullying or lead in the bullying behavior, but serve as an "assistant" to children who are bullying. These children may encourage the bullying behavior and occasionally join in.
Kids who Reinforce: These children are not directly involved in the bullying behavior but they give the bullying an audience. They will often laugh or provide support for the children who are engaging in bullying. This may encourage the bullying to continue.
Outsiders: These children remain separate from the bullying situation. They neither reinforce the bullying behavior nor defend the child being bullied. Some may watch what is going on but do not provide feedback about the situation to show they are on anyone’s side. Even so, providing an audience may encourage the bullying behavior.
These kids often want to help, but don’t know how. Learn how to be "more than a bystander."
Kids who Defend: These children actively comfort the child being bullied and may come to the child's defense when bullying occurs.

12. Effects of Bullying Can affect everyone: Those who are bullied
Those who bully
And those witness bullying
Bullying can affect everyone—those who are bullied, those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including impacts on mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids to determine whether bullying—or something else—is a concern

13. Effects of Bullying
Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience:
Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy.
Health complaints
Decreased academic achievement. They are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school.
Kids who are bullied can experience negative physical, school, and mental health issues.
-Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood.
-Health complaints
-Decreased academic achievement—GPA and standardized test scores—and school participation. They are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school.

14. Effects of Bullying Kids who bully are more likely to:
Abuse alcohol and other drugs in adolescence and as adults
Get into fights, vandalize property, and drop out of school
Have criminal convictions and traffic citations as adults
Be abusive toward their romantic partners, spouses, or children as adults

15. Effects of Bullying Kids who witness bullying are more likely to:
Have increased use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs
Have increased mental health problems, including depression and anxiety
Miss or skip school

16. Signs a Child is Being Bullied
Some signs that may point to a bullying problem are:
Unexplainable injuries
Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics, or jewelry
Frequent headaches or stomach aches, feeling sick or faking illness
Changes in eating habits, like suddenly skipping meals or binge eating. Kids may come home from school hungry because they did not eat lunch.
Difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares
Declining grades, loss of interest in schoolwork, or not wanting to go to school
Sudden loss of friends or avoidance of social situations
Feelings of helplessness or decreased self esteem
Self-destructive behaviors such as running away from home, harming themselves, or talking about suicide

17. Signs a Child is Bullying Others
Kids may be bullying others if they:
Get into physical or verbal fights
Have friends who bully others
Are increasingly aggressive
Get sent to the principal’s office or to detention frequently
Have unexplained extra money or new belongings
Blame others for their problems
Don’t accept responsibility for their actions
Are competitive and worry about their reputation or popularity

18. Interventions for the Child who Bullied
Self-Esteem
Anger Management
Effective Communication
Healthy Coping Skills

19. Interventions for the Child who was Bullied
Conflict Resolution
Social Skills
How can this look like at K-6, 7-8, and HS?
Self Esteem
Healthy Coping Skills
Social Skills:
There are five effective forms of intervention for peer relationships:
1.systematic teaching of social skills by school staff
2.social problem solving
3.teaching other behavioral skills often considered important by children, such as sports skills and board game rules
4.decreasing undesirable and antisocial behaviors
5.developing a close friendship
- See more at:

20. Interventions for Bystanders
Conflict Resolution
Social Skills
Effective Communication
Healthy Coping Skills

21. How you can help
Parents, school staff, and other caring adults have a role to play in preventing bullying. They can:
Help kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and how to stand up to it safely. Tell kids bullying is unacceptable. Make sure kids know how to get help.
Keep the lines of communication open. Check in with kids often. Listen to them. Know their friends, ask about school, and understand their concerns.
Encourage kids to do what they love. Special activities, interests, and hobbies can boost confidence, help kids make friends, and protect them from bullying behavior.
Model how to treat others with kindness and respect.

22. Ask for Help & Resources
School resources:
Counselors, Principal, VP , Teachers
School protocol
Know who you can go to and what role you will play in their system

23. Western Youth Services Outreach & Engagement
Program services are FREE
We assist all ages!
Workshops
Support Groups
Individual Case Management
South Orange County Residents
What if I don’t live in South County?