1. CELLS

3. Cell Theory The cell theory states:
All ______ _______are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells are produced from _________
_________________________.

4. Cell Diversity

5. Unicellular Organisms
All organisms are made of cells, but sometimes a cell is the organism
A unicellular organism is an organism made of one cell

6. Multicellular Organism
Multicellular organism are organisms made up of many cells
Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks this is called cell specialization

7. Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are:
Cells tissues organs organ systems

8. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus
Less complicated
Eukaryotic cells contain a NUCLEUS in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell
Contain membrane bound organelles (ex. mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosome)

9. CELL ORGANELLES WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?
Organelles are VERY SPECIAL structures that perform important cellular functions.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

10. NUCLEUS
CONTROL CENTER
CONTAINS DNA/RNA and CONTROLS EVERYTHING
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
IT’S SO SPECIAL….. IT GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE
REGULATES WHAT
COMES IN AND OUT

11. NUCLEUS
WHY IS IT SO SPECIAL??

13. THEY DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS ZOMG – What does that mean?
BLOOD CELLS
THEY DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS
ZOMG – What does that mean?

14. Cell Membrane
FUNCTION: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.
STRUCTURE: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

15. CELL MEMBRANE

16. YES, YOU MAY ENTER.

17. CYTOPLASM –
PORTION OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS
JELLY LIKE
HOLDS ORGANELLES

19. MITOCHONDRIA
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
MAKES ATP = MAKES ENERGY FOR THE CELL
IT’S SO SPECIAL, IT ALSO GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE
MIGHTY MITO!

20. WHAT KIND OF HUMAN CELLS HAVE A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA??
WHY??

21. RIBOSOME
MAKES PROTEIN

22. IF A CHEMICAL POISON ENTERED THE CELL AND DAMAGED THE RIBOSOME, WHAT WOULD HAPPEN?

23. SOME ANTIBIOTICS TARGET THE RIBOSOME OF PROKARYOTES.
WHY DID SCIENTISTS DESIGN THEM THAT WAY?

24. GOLGI COMPLEX –
Sorts and packages
proteins for delivery to
certain parts
of the cell
It’s like The
POST OFFICE of
The cell

26. NOTICE THE SHAPE!!
NOTICE THE LITTLE SACS COMING OFF THE SIDES.
HOW DOES IT PACKAGE STUFF UP? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE GOLGI MADE A MISTAKE?

27. LYSOSOMES
DIGESTS CELLULAR WASTES
HAS ENZYMES INSIDE THEM
ALSO HAS A MEMBRANE AROUND IT!
“GARBAGE MAN CREW”

28. CENTRIOLE – Located in Animal cells Help the cell divide Organizes the
microtubules and
chromosomes

29. WHEN IT IS TIME TO DIVIDE AND MAKE ANOTHER CELL….
CENTRIOLES MOVE TO THE OUTSIDE
AND HELP MAKE IT HAPPEN
LIKE A BOSS…Just Sayin….

30. Some cancer drugs destroy the centriole – WHY?

31. PLANTS HAVE ORGANELLES
TOO!!
REMEMBER,
They are EUKARYOTES!

32. CHLOROPLAST – FOUND IN PLANTS
Take LIGHT from SUN and turn it into
chemical energy – SUGAR and OXYGEN!

33. CHLOROPLAST

34. VACUOLE –
Stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates, wastes
PLANTS HAVE A HUGE VACUOLE!!!!!

35. ANIMALS HAVE TINY ONES!
Vacuoles store food, water, and other materials that can be used by the cell.

37. NO MORE ORGANELLES FOR NOW!

38. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Plant and Animal cells have traits in common and traits that differ
Traits of both plant and animal cells:
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

39. Plant Cells Have a cell membrane AND cell wall Contain chloroplasts
Contain a large vacuole (for water storage)

40. Animal Cells
Have only a cell membrane
Contain the organelle centriole

41. ADD THESE TO YOUR LIST! RIBOSOME ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI APPARATUS
CENTRIOLE
CHLOROPLAST
VACUOLE

42. Endoplasmic Reticulum – assembles lipid components of cell membrane and some proteins are modified Smooth vs. Rough