Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Blunt Trauma.

Published byClaud Parsons Modified over 6 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Blunt Trauma."— Presentation transcript:

1 Blunt Trauma

2 Sections Introduction to Blunt Trauma Kinetics of Blunt Trauma
Types of Trauma Blunt Trauma Explosion Other Blunt Trauma

3 Introduction to Blunt Trauma
Most common cause of trauma death and disability Energy exchange between an object and the human body, without intrusion through the skin

4 Kinematics Process of examining the scene to determine potential injuries that result from the forces of motion

5 MOI Mechanism of injury
description of the mechanical and physiological changes that result in anatomical or functional damage of tissue

6 Index of Suspicion Based on the MOI and kinetics
predict expected injuries

7 Kinetics of Blunt Trauma
Inertia “A body in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.” “A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.” Conservation of Energy “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It is only changed from one form to another.” Kinetic versus Potential Energy

8

9

10

11 Kinetics of Blunt Trauma
Kinetic Energy Energy in Motion Double Weight = Double Energy Double Speed = Quadruple Energy SPEED IS THE GREATEST DETERMINANT

12 Kinetics of Blunt Trauma
Force Emphasizes the importance of rate at which an object changes speed (acceleration or deceleration)

13 Types of Trauma Blunt Penetrating Closed injury
Indirect injury to underlying structures Transmission of energy into the body Tearing of muscle, vessels and bone Rupture of solid organs Organ injury Ligamentum teres Penetrating Open injury Direct injury to underlying structures

14 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
44,000 people die each year on US highways Events of Impact Vehicle Collision Body Collision Organ Collision Secondary Collisions Objects inside vehicle strike occupant Additional Injuries Vehicle receives a second impact

15 Inertia and MVC’s

16 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Restraints Seatbelts Occupant slows with the vehicle Shoulder and Lap belts MUST be worn together Injuries if worn separately Airbags (SRS) Reduce blunt chest trauma Cause: Hand, Forearm, & Facial Injury Check for steering wheel deformity Side Airbags Child Safety Seats Infants and Small Children: Rear facing Older Child: Forward facing

17 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Types of Impact Frontal: 32% Lateral: 15% Rotational: 38% Left & Right – Front & Rear Rear-end: 9% Rollover: 6%

18 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Frontal Impact Down-and-Under Knee, femur, and hip fracture Chest trauma-Steering Wheel Paper Bag Syndrome Up-and-Over Tenses legs = Bilateral femur fracture Hollow organ rupture and liver laceration Similar chest trauma Axial Loading Ejection Due to up-and-over pathway Contact with the vehicle & external object

19 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Lateral Impact 15% of MVC’s but 22% of deaths Upper extremity injury Rib, clavicle, humerus, pelvis, femur fracture Lateral compression Ruptured diaphragm, Spleen fracture, Aortic injury EVALUATE the unrestrained occupant

20 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Rotational Vehicle struck at oblique angle Less serious injuries unless strike a secondary object Rear-end Seat propels the occupant forward Head is forced backwards Stretching of neck muscles and ligaments Hyperextension & hyperflexion Rollover Multiple points of impact Ejection or partial ejection Less injury with restraints

21 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Vehicle Crash Analysis Hazards Crumple Zones Intrusion Deformity of Vehicle Use of Restraints Intoxication Fatal Accidents: >50% involved ETOH Recreational Accidents

22 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes
Vehicular Mortality Head: 48% Internal (Torso): 37% Spinal & Chest fracture: 8% Extremity fracture: 2% All Other: 5%

23 Blunt Trauma: Automobile Crashes Crash Evaluation
Collision Questions How did collision occur? Direction? Speed? Similar/Different sized? Secondary collisions? Cause of Crash Weather & visibility? Alcohol involved? Skid marks? Auto Interior Starring of windshield? Steering wheel deformity? Dash deformity? Intrusion?

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34 Blunt Trauma: Motorcycle Crashes
Serious injuries can occur with high and low speed collision. Types of Impact Frontal Angular Sliding Ejection Initial Bike/Object Collision Rider/Object Rider/Ground

35 Blunt Trauma: Pedestrian Accidents
Adults Adults turn away Bumper strikes lower legs first Victim rolls up and over and thrown Children Children turn toward Femurs, Pelvis often injured Thrown away or run over

36 Blunt Trauma: Recreational Vehicle Accidents
Lack structure and restraint system Types of Vehicles Snowmobiles Personal watercraft ATV’s

37 Blunt Trauma: Blast Injuries
Dust, Fumes, Explosive Compounds Explosion Fuel + Oxidant combine instantaneously Heat & Pressure Wave

38 Primary Injuries rapid changes in atmospheric pressure from movement of blast wave hollow organs more susceptible blast wave rapidly passes through tissue of varying density; if lower density is adjacent to higher density surface tissue of denser tissue is disrupted- “spalling” as wave transverses the walls of the alveoli (high density), they rupture as the wave encounters the air within the alveoli (low density); massive destruction of alveoli and diffuse hemorrhage in lung

39 Implosion pressure wave passes through the lung, it forces blood out of the vascular space and into the alveoli wave of high pressure is followed by wave of low pressure allowing alveoli to expand rapidly with further tearing of the lung parenchyma, atelecasis, hemorrhage

40 Secondary Injury Results from flying debris created by the explosion and carried by blast winds injuries are typically severe and penetrating due to high KE of projectiles

41 Tertiary Injuries Blast winds are sufficient force to cause victims to become human missiles victim strikes the ground

42 Associated Injuries Injuries resulting from changes in the environment as a consequence of the explosion fire; burns combustion of toxic products; poisoning leaks of toxic chemicals; asphyxiation

43 Explosion Pressure Wave Burns Projectiles Personnel Displacement
Structural Collapse Blast Wind Burns Projectiles Personnel Displacement Blast Injury Phases Primary: Heat of the explosion Secondary: Trauma caused by projectiles Tertiary: Personnel displacement and structural collapse

44 Explosion Blast Injury Assessment Be alert for secondary device
Initial scene size-up important Establish Incident Command System (ICS) Evaluate for secondary hazards Injury Patterns Rupture of Air or Fluid Filled Organs Lung: Late manifestation (heat & pressure) Hearing loss

45 Explosion Blast Injury Care Lungs Abdomen
Forceful compression and distortion of chest cavity Compression and decompression Pulmonary Embolism, Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, Pneumothorax Abdomen Compression & Decompression Release of bowel contents Diaphragm rupture from pushing of organs up into thorax area

46 Explosion Blast Injury Care Ears Penetrating Wounds Burns
Initial Hearing Loss Injury improves over time Penetrating Wounds Care as any serious open wound or impaled object Burns Treatment consistent with traditional management.

47

48

49 Other Types of Blunt Trauma
Falls Stairs, Force, Surface Landing Area Surface Type Body Part Height of Fall Elderly

50

51 Other Types of Blunt Trauma
Sports Injuries Various Injury Patterns Produced by extreme exertion, fatigue or direct trauma Acceleration, deceleration, compression, rotation, hyperextension, or hyperflexion Unconsciousness, neurological defect or decreased mental status require physician follow-up Protective Gear reduces injury pattern Helmet Removal If loose remove If tight, remove face mask and immobilize in place Take helmet to hospital

52 Other Types of Blunt Trauma
Crush Injuries Cause Structural collapse, explosion, industrial; or agricultural Great force to soft tissue and bones Tissue stretching and compression Extended pressure results in anaerobic metabolism distal to compression Return of blood flow, toxins to entire body Severe hemorrhage due to severe damaged blood vessels Care Prolonged crush Medications Sodium Bicarbonate: Reduce Acidosis Dopamine: Improve Kidney Function Morphine: Pain management

53 Summary Blunt Trauma Types Causes of Blunt Trauma Assessment of Injury
Injury Patterns

Download ppt "Blunt Trauma."

Similar presentations

Fractures, Sprain and Strains

Fractures, Sprain and Strains
Quantum Physics and the Time-Space Continuum

Quantum Physics and the Time-Space Continuum
Kinematics of Trauma Kimberly Ann Holmes Kenney RN, CNS-Rx, MS(N), MS

Kinematics of Trauma Kimberly Ann Holmes Kenney RN, CNS-Rx, MS(N), MS
Scene Size-up NOTE: Additional useful information can be found in:

Scene Size-up NOTE: Additional useful information can be found in:
SCENE SIZE UP. DOT OBJECTIVES RECOGNIZE HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS DESCRIBE COMMON HAZARDS AT THE SCENE DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY MECHANISMS OF INJURY/NATURE.

SCENE SIZE UP. DOT OBJECTIVES RECOGNIZE HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS DESCRIBE COMMON HAZARDS AT THE SCENE DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY MECHANISMS OF INJURY/NATURE.
Chapter 22 Trauma Overview.

Chapter 22 Trauma Overview.
Natural Laws & Car Control

Natural Laws & Car Control
Trauma Comprehensive Review. Time vs. Survival  Relationship of time to survival  The “golden hour”  Importance of an organized approach to trauma.

Trauma Comprehensive Review. Time vs. Survival  Relationship of time to survival  The “golden hour”  Importance of an organized approach to trauma.
Kinematics of Trauma Chapter 21.

Kinematics of Trauma Chapter 21.
Motor Vehicle Accidents

Motor Vehicle Accidents
Trauma Overview: The Trauma Patient and the Trauma System

Trauma Overview: The Trauma Patient and the Trauma System
Chest, Abdominal, and Pelvic Injuries

Chest, Abdominal, and Pelvic Injuries
GUNSHOT WOUNDS WOUNDING BALLISTICS.

GUNSHOT WOUNDS WOUNDING BALLISTICS.
Blunt Trauma.  Introduction to Blunt Trauma  Kinetics of Blunt Trauma  Types of Trauma  Blunt Trauma  Explosion  Other Blunt Trauma  Introduction.

Blunt Trauma.  Introduction to Blunt Trauma  Kinetics of Blunt Trauma  Types of Trauma  Blunt Trauma  Explosion  Other Blunt Trauma  Introduction.
Chapter 17 Blunt Trauma.

Chapter 17 Blunt Trauma.
Abdominal of Trauma.

Abdominal of Trauma.
Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care: Principles & Practice, Volume 4: Trauma Emergencies, 3rd. Ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Bledsoe et al., Paramedic Care: Principles & Practice, Volume 4: Trauma Emergencies, 3rd. Ed. © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA RIFLES LIFESAVERS. Abdominal Trauma: The KEY to Saving Lives The abdomen is the “Black Box” The abdomen is the “Black Box” –I.e., it.

ABDOMINAL TRAUMA RIFLES LIFESAVERS. Abdominal Trauma: The KEY to Saving Lives The abdomen is the “Black Box” The abdomen is the “Black Box” –I.e., it.
Focused History and Physical Examination for Trauma Patients CHAPTER 10.

Focused History and Physical Examination for Trauma Patients CHAPTER 10.
Focused History and Physical Examination of the

Focused History and Physical Examination of the

Similar presentations

Ads by Google