1. The Cold War Abroad
Vs.
The United States
The Soviet Union

2. Post World War II Plans • European nations to be democratic,
Yalta Meeting (Feb. 1945):
• European nations to be democratic,
United Nations created

3. Post World War II Plans • Germany divided into 4 zones
Potsdam conference (July 1945):
• Germany divided into 4 zones
(USA, S.U., G.B., France)

4. Iron Curtain Stalin wanted barrier around S.U. Eastern European
nations
communist,
controlled
by Soviets
“Satellite states”

6. “From Stettin in the North to Trieste in the south, an iron curtain has descended over Europe.”
Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech

7. Containment Policy
U.S. foreign policy that sought to prevent the spread of Soviet communism
George Kennan –
creator of the
Containment policy
Truman supported with
Truman Doctrine!

8. Truman Doctrine (1947) Response to communist takeover attempt
in Greece
Truman gives economic aid to countries fighting
communism
$400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey
Controversial example of containment

9. Marshall Plan (1948-1951) Europe needed to be rebuilt after WWII
London, England
Dresden, Germany

10. Marshall Plan ( )
Sec. of State George Marshall--give friendly aid
economic recovery was necessary for world peace
West German
advertisement
The free train
of the Marshall
Plan

11. Marshall
Plan
$12.5
billion

12. Marshall Plan ( )
S.U. and Eastern countries refuse aid

13. Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) Berlin also divided into 4 zones
Soviet zone weak, others prospered and cooperated

14. Marshall Plan and West Berlin

15. Berlin Airlift ( )
East Berliners could see difference and left
Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop this
Soviets closed Berlin’s railway lines, canals, roads. W. Berlin had 36 days of supplies.

16. Berlin Airlift ( )
Allies airlift supplies until blockade ended
Lasted 11
months!
“Operation
Vittles”

17. Every ten minutes a plane took off with supplies for West Berlin.
327 days 277,000 flights 2.5 million tons of supplies

19. NATO (1949) and Warsaw Pact defensive military alliance created
called North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Warsaw Pact created in response (S.U.and E. Europe)

20. Nuclear Arms Race 1949--Soviet Union achieves A-bomb
Russian Scientist
Kurchatov
“Joe -1” Russian A-bomb

21. Nuclear Arms Race U.S. quadruples defense spending
1952--U.S. invents Hydrogen "super" bomb
H-Bomb
Test
Fireball 3 miles
18 mths. later
Soviets have it

22. 1953 Stalin dies; Nikita Kruschev takes over
New Leaders
1952 Eisenhower elected
1953 Stalin dies; Nikita Kruschev takes over
Nuclear deterrence begins (don’t want WWIII)
Eisenhower Kruschev