1. Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture

2. Main Idea
The development of agriculture was a major turning point in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived.
Objectives
What new tools and technologies did early humans develop during the New Stone Age?
How did early agriculture develop and spread?
In what ways did the development of agriculture change Stone Age society?

3. The Neolithic Era - about 8000 BC to 3000 BC
I. The New Stone Age
The Neolithic Era - about 8000 BC to 3000 BC

4. Advances in tool making define Neolithic Era
I. The New Stone Age
Advances in tool making define Neolithic Era

5. I. The New Stone Age Old - Stones chipped to make points
New - Polished stones to make points
- Specialized tools
Flint Knapping

6. II. Development of Agriculture
Last Ice Age ended about 10,000 years ago; new animals and plants appeared

7. Prehistoric North American Animals

8. II. Development of Agriculture
People learned to farm and became food producers - the Neolithic Revolution

9. II. Development of Agriculture
They gathered wild grains and learned the connection between seeds and plants

10. II. Development of Agriculture
Domestication – selective growing/breeding of plants/animals; the best traits were kept

11. II. Development of Agriculture
First domesticated animals were probably dogs, followed by cattle, sheep, etc.

12. II. Development of Agriculture
Domesticated plants and animals = reliable food source; large animals were put to work

13. III. Agriculture Changes Society
Reliable food supply = world population increase
The current World population is almost 7.6 billion people

14. III. Agriculture Changes Society
Some people became nomadic pastoralists; others formed farming settlements
Nomadic Mongol’s Camp

15. A. Early Farming Societies
Settlements grew into villages and towns
5,000 year-old Neolithic village of Skara Brae, occupied from about 3180 BC to 2500 BC. It was discovered in 1850.

16. A. Early Farming Societies
Improved agriculture needed fewer workers; artisans/craftsmen appeared; trade increased
Early bronze age jars Eastern Europe
18th century B.C.
Beads and Pendants

17. A. Early Farming Societies
Social classes developed, based on wealth and authority; men gained dominance over women

18. A. Early Farming Societies
Other changes: formalized religion, warfare over land/resources, diseases. Crop failure meant famine
Stonehenge

19. Cattle pulled improved plows
B. New Technologies
Cattle pulled improved plows

20. B. New Technologies
New tools to prepare grains, clay pottery, wool spun into yarn; c BC - the Bronze Age began

21. C. Catal Huyuk
c BC - largest Neolithic village: covered 30 acres, had 5000 to 6000 people

22. D. Otzi the Iceman
1991 – hikers found a frozen 5300 year-old Neolithic man in Italy’s Alps

23. Otzi added great deal to information about Neolithic life
D. Otzi the Iceman
Otzi added great deal to information about Neolithic life
Otzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known also as Frozen Fritz)