1. Nigeria 4B

2. Leadership and Elite Recruitment
President Muhammadu Buhari
Ceremonial duties of leadership, administration of government, leader of the armed forces
Chooses government ministers (approved by the Senate, chosen from all 36 states)
Rich military class continue to dominate intra-party and inter-party politics
Ex. Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)
majority of retired military officers
retired military officer= the Chairman Board of Trustee of the party, twice National Chairman of the party, as well as the Senate President

3. Bureaucracies
Elaborate civil service put in by British (colonial days) allowed Nigerians to fill lower level jobs
A large employer dominated by Southern Nigerians
Creates stronger north/south tensions
size has grown dramatically with oil revenues
Large amount of corruption because of:
the lack of accountability
political instability related to oil revenues
Bribery
Jobs given through patron-clientelism
The corrupt system has led to growth in jobs
After independence, the system stayed in place, has grown in recent years
A large employer dominated by Southern Nigerians, creating stronger north/south tensions, and whose size has grown dramatically with oil revenues - Large amount of corruption because of the lack of accountability and political instability related to oil revenues; patron-client system.

4. Interest Groups and Interest Group Systems
General
Has played an important role in government and politics
Development of active civil society has been hampered by prebendalism and corruption
But still lots of civil society that cooperate with political parties
Large number of muslim civil society organizations in north work to support sharia system
Labor Unions
Organized labor challenged government during both colonial and postcolonial eras
Central labor organization supplanted older unions BUT labor movement is still alive
Business Interests
Work in collaboration with military regime during last decade
Some business association have operated outside the realm of government influence
Human Rights Groups
University students, teachers, and professional groups protested the abuse of Babangia and Abacha regime

5. Military and Other Coercive Institutes
Seen as disciplined organization with the capacity to make decision efficiently and effectively
National in character because of the incorporation of all regions, ethnicities, and religions
Participated in coups in the past 20 years
Corruption says "they're only stepping in until Nigeria is ready for democracy again"
Custodial theory of military govt. states that military rule is justified because it "prepares" the country for democracy
Less need of democracy, more for order and stability in the country
Although military rule normally has a negative connotation, it has actually been more effective than a democratic rule at times in Nigeria
Military officers assuming political leadership in Nigeria are corrupt
Bypass the electoral process
Rely on violence and bribes in order to gain political promotion

6. Judiciaries Nigeria operates under the model of a Republic
Uses a system of checks and balances
Independent Judicial Branch
Bicameral legislature
The legislature is bicameral
Political culture retains a lot of customary systems
Example: Shari’a courts in Muslim communities
The two chambers are the House of Representatives and the Senate
The senate consists of 109 senators
POPULAR VOTE and EQUAL REPRESENTATION
Three from each of the 36 states
For year terms
The House of Representatives
PLURALITY
Contains 360 members
Presided over by a Speaker
They are elected for four-year terms
Nigeria operates under a model of a Republic, where there is a strong executive is constrained by a system of checks and balances. There is a bicameral legislature, and an independent judicial branch, the political culture retains a lot of customary systems, like having shari’a courts in Muslim communities

7. Executives
President
Muhammadu Buhari
Max of 2, 4 year terms in office
Head of State
Head of Government
Under Military, Head of Patron-Client system (Patrimonialism)
Introduces budget and other major pieces of legislation
History of executive corruption
Prebendalism (government elites share nation’s revenues for personal needs)
Worsened country’s cleavages
Decreased available resources