1. Chapter 3 Lexical & Grammatical Morphology
Lane 333

2. Lexicon & Grammar ‘actors’: grammatical word form of the LEXEME ACTOR
Consider morphemes in ‘act-or-s’
Each morpheme functions differently
‘-s’ reflects the category of NUMBER (plural)
‘-or’ changes verb into noun (performer of the action)

3. Inflectional Morphology
Inflection (grammatical morphology): the process that builds word-forms of countless lexemes & it builds up paradigms of lexemes
never change the category of the word they are attached to (-s, -ing, -ed)
don’t change the meaning
they are only bound morphemes
grammatical morphemes follow lexical morphemes & come only after the stem

4. Inflectional suffixes of English
-s 3rd per.sg. present waits
-ed past tense waited
-ing progressive waiting
-en past participle eaten
-s plural chairs
-’s possessive girl’s
-er comparative faster
-est superlative fastest

5. Derivational morphology
Derivation (Lexical morphology): the process of building up new words by adding morphemes (derivational) that change the meaning, or part of speech of a word
may change the category of the word they are attached to (-ful in ‘beatiful’, -ish in ‘warmish’)
change the meaning
either bound or free
produce lexemes

6. Exercise 3.3 Which morphemes are lexical & which are grammatical?
sparkler benighted detective tympani
speeding straightest platypus partly
threaded oxen disharmony ghastlier
horsebox embolden two-handed servant

7. Exercise 3.5 Can you segment these words?
linguist utilize arrogant alacrity
terrify location mechanic democrat

8. Bound Lexical morphemes
the bits left over are ‘Bound Lexical morphemes’; e.g ‘lingu’
they don’t belong to any lexical category
hard to specify their precise dictionary meaning
‘bovine’ : ‘bov’ bound lexical morpheme (to do with cattle)

9. Bound Lexical morphemes
Almost all bound lexical morphemes are of Greek, or Latin origin
used to create words for special purposes (scientific, technological)
Cranberry morphemes: have no other function but to distinguish different types of whatever is indicated by some other morpheme in the word; e.g. (raspberry, cranberry, bilberry)
no meaning except type of berry