1. Reconstruction Period following the Civil War, 1865 – 1877
Period in which the U.S. rebuilt after the war
Period used to readmit the Confederate States into the Union
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

2. Abraham Lincoln, second inaugural address
With malice toward none, with charity for all… let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

3. Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
Conf. pardoned except high-ranking officers – must take oath to U.S.
Once 10% took oath of allegiance Conf. could form new gov. and send rep. and Sen. To Wash.
Arkansas, Louisiana, Tenn, and VA complete
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

4. Radical Republicans Opposition
Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
Wanted to destroy political power of white slaveholders
Believed that African-Americans should be given full citizenship and the right to vote
Wade-Davis Bill:
1. Congress should be in charge of Reconstruction
2. Majority of the population would have to take oath
to the Union
Killed by Lincoln by a pocket veto
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

5. Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
Presidential Reconstruction
Declare secession illegal
Swear allegiance to the Union
Ratify the 13th Amendment
** no high-ranking Conf. officer or plantation owner could take the oath
** All states left, except Texas held conventions, drew up a Constitution and elected Congressmen
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

6. Solutions for Johnson’s Weaknesses
Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act of 1866 – were established over Johnson’s veto
Freedmen’s Bureau – assisted former slaves and poor whites in the south with food, clothing, legal aid and education
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

7. Solutions for Johnson’s Weaknesses
Civil Rights Act of 1866 – gave African-Americans citizenship and forbid Black Codes
Fourteenth Amendment – passed = constitutional basis for the Civil Rights Act; made “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” citizens of the United States – Johnson advised all southern states to reject; not passed until 1868
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

8. Black Codes Severely restricted African Americans lives
Tried to restore many restrictions of slavery
Prohibited blacks from
- carrying a weapon
- serving on juries
- testifying against whites
- marrying whites
- starting their own businesses
- traveling w/ out permits
- in some states, could not rent or lease land
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

9. Radical Republicans take Control
Won 2/3rs of majority in Congress in elections of 1866
Congress would now control reconstruction
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

10. Reconstruction Act of 1867
former Conf. states split into 5 military districts under control of Union general = Military reconstruction
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

11. Southern Military Districts, 1867
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

12. Reconstruction Act of 1867
10 former Conf. states split into 5 military districts under control of Union general = Military reconstruction
All qualified voters – including African-Americans – would elect voters to write a new state Constitution
Constitution must grant African-American men the right to vote and ratify the 14th Amendment
** Tennessee does not have to follow
** Johnson vetoed but Congress overrode veto
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

13. Goal 3 - Reconstruction

14. Military Reconstruction
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

15. Johnson Impeached
Tenure of Office Act = Pres. May not remove a member of cabinet during the term of the Pres. In which he was appointed.
Sec. of War = Edwin Stanton
One vote short of being removed
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

16. Election of 1868
Ulysses Grant won because of the black southern vote = African-Americans solidly Republican
15th Amendment = right to vote for African-Americans
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

17. Physically Rebuilding the South
Sherman destroyed $100 million
1/5th of southern white men – killed in the war
Rep. government rebuilt the south
Scalawags – Southerns who joined the Republican Party
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to the South after the war
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

18. Reconstruction – Economic Progress
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

19. Life for African-Americans in the South
Right to vote
Reunited with families
Chance to travel
Education
Church
No land
No job
No money
Few skills except farming
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

20. African-Americans involvement in Politics
Hiram Revels – first African-American Senator =
Mississippi
16 African-Americans elected to Congress
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

21. Progress in the South
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

22. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
Sharecropping – Farmer farmed land owned by someone else = cycle of poverty
Tenant Farming – rent land from someone else; you have your own tools and supplies
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

23. Reconstruction Collapses
Violence
- Ku Klux Klan
* Used violence to dis-
courage blacks from
voting
* Prevented economic &
political advancement
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

24. Election of 1872 Radical Republicans = President Grant
Liberal Republicans
& = Horace Greeley
Democrats
Grant won
Republican unity breaks down more
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

25. Scandals in the Grant Administration
- Credit Mobilier – construction co.
skimmed off profit from government RR
contract
- Whiskey Ring – tax collectors accepted
bribes from Whiskey distillers to avoid
paying taxes.
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

26. Democrats “Redeem” the South
Dem. take back gov. in many southern states = redemption
Election of 1876 = Compromise of 1877
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

27. Election of 1876 = Compromise of 1877
Republican = Rutherford B. Hayes
Democrats = Samuel J. Tilden
Results of Election
- Popular vote = Tilden
- Commission to decide election = Rep.
majority
- Election given to Hayes
Why?????
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

28. Goal 3 - Reconstruction

29. Compromise of 1877 Republicans = Hayes is President = North
Democrats = Home Rule = end
of military reconstruction = South
Goal 3 - Reconstruction

30. Goal 3 - Reconstruction