1. Chapter 5
The English Colonies

2. The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Lesson 1

3. A City on a Hill 1628 A group of Puritans were granted a charter.
The king’s charter allowed the Puritans to settle in a region that Captain John Smith had named- New England.
1628- John Endecott led the group to the settlement.
They built a settlement and named it Salem. It was on a bay that they called the Massachusetts Bay.

4. A City on a Hill
The word “Massachusetts” means : At the big hill in the Native American language (Algonquians).
The goal of settling in North America was to form the New England Company.
The Company became the “Massachusetts Bay Company”

5. A City on a Hill
In 1630 John Winthrop brought a larger group of Puritans to settle along the Massachusetts Bay.
John Winthrop served as the governor.
More than 20,000 settlers (aka newcomers) many of them Puritans settled there.
It was said that they colony would practice Christianity.

6. A City on a Hill A confederation was formed in 1637.
Winthrop hoped this would help in case they were attacked by Indians.
Winthrop became the president of the confederation when it was officially formed in 1643.

7. A Puritan Village
The center of the Puritan village was called the common.
The Common was an area that all of the villagers shared. The common included a park and a church.
Other buildings that came about in the Common was a general store, black smith shop, and a saw mill.

8. A Puritan Village
Settlers soon were able to “specialize” at specific jobs.
Schools were also found in the Common.
A law was passed that a village of 50 or more families must have a school.
Some of these schools still exist.
The small size of the community helped people feel like they belonged.
Harvard University was founded in then called Harvard College.

9. The Meetinghouse The meetinghouse was where church services were held.
The most important part of the service was the ministers sermon.
The sermon lasted several hours.
The whole service lasted a majority of the day. The Puritans would have breaks for food.

10. The Meetinghouse
A lot of town business was also conducted in the meetinghouse.
Only men who owned property could vote.
Each year, people were elected into the town offices.
Such offices would be: digger of graves, drummer, fence viewer and town crier.
Town Crier- made public announcements on the street or got the word out.

11. Home & Farm Life
In the main room of the home was fireplace. This is where all of the cooking took place.
Women and girls spent many hours preparing food for the men.
They also made clothing for the family.
Quilts were made many times out of worn out clothing.

12. Home and Farm Life Farmers grew corn, rye, barley and wheat.
Many of these crops were traded for sugars from other English Colonists.
Puritans raised cattle, sheep and hogs for food.
They made their own tools from wood and leather.
Children played games and read religious books.

13. New Ideas, New Colonies
Lesson 2

14. Roger Williams & Rhode Island
1631 Roger Williams & his family arrived in Massachusetts Bay.
They settled in Salem where Roger became a minister.
Many people supported Roger Williams because he believed that the church should be separate from the government.
It was also believed that people should not be punished for having different religious beliefs.

15. Roger Williams & Rhode Island
Roger’s beliefs became unpopular with John Winthrop (the governor).
1635 the Puritan leaders voted to expel Roger Williams and forced him to leave.
Williams and his family fled to border of a colony called Narrgansett.
1636- many of Roger’s followers fled the Massachusetts bay and joined him.
*Nargansett was a group of Indians.

16. Roger Williams & Rhode Island
Roger bought land from the Narragansetts and eventually founded a settlement called Providence.
Later, Providence became the capital of Rhode Island.
Roger Williams set up a government based on consent (agreement) of all settlers.
The new government gave the people the freedom to choose what religion they wanted to practice.

17. Anne Hutchinson on Trial
Anne Hutchinson & her husband moved to North America in 1634.
They settled in Boston.
Anne began to question the authority of the Puritan ministers.
She began holding her own religious meetings at home instead.

18. Anne Hutchinson on Trial
The Puritan leaders said that she was “a woman not fit for society.”
1637 she was brought to trial.
She was charged with sedition.
She was ordered to leave the colony.
Anne settled near providence where Roger Williams lived.
The Rhode Island Colony was formed.
Sedition- speaking against a government.

19. Connecticut
Others began to leave the Massachusetts Bay colony but not for religious reasons.
People wanted to find better farm land.
1630’s people began moving to the Connecticut River Valley.
Windsor was founded in

20. Connecticut One of the best known settlers was Thomas Hooker.
He left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he did not like the Puritan influence.
Many followers went with Hooker to the Connecticut River Valley.
The Fundamental Orders were developed and considered the first written plan in North America.

21. New Hampshire
Some Massachusetts Bay settlers moved north to what is now called New Hampshire.
David Thomson founded the first settlement near the Piscataqua River.
The settlement was renamed Strawberry Banke.
It was united under a charter of King Charles II and the New Hampshire Colony.

22. Indian Wars Fighting began to break out between colonists and Indians.
The Pequots wanted the colonists to stop taking over their land.
The Connecticut settlers defeated the Pequots in the 1630’s. The conflict became known as the Pequot War.

23. Indian Wars Most disagreements were over land ownership.
The colonists expected the Indians to leave land they were on once it was sold to another colonist.
Another war began- called the “King Phillip’s War”.
The war began when the Indians attacked the town of Swansea.

24. Indian Wars
In return, the English settlers destroyed a near by Indian settlement.
The war spread all the way from what is now Maine all the way to Connecticut.
There was tragedy on both sides.
At least 3,000 American Indians died.

25. Indian Wars
A result of the war was that many Native American tribes were forces off their lands.
Since so many Indians left, more settlers came and began moving farther north.
The frontier was beginning to push further west as well.
The new frontier separated land between colonists and Native Americans.

26. New England’s Economy
Lesson 3

27. Fishing & Whaling
New Bedford, Massachusetts colonists prospered in the 1700’s by catching whales in addition to their hunting.
The colonists would take out rowboats and hunt for whales.
Once a whale was captured it was killed and taken to shore.
The colonists cut up and boiled the blubber to use for oil.

28. Fishing & Whaling
The oil from the blubber was very popular because it burned brightly and did not smell.
Whalers began hunting in bigger ships.
They would sail farther out in the ocean and the trips became long.
Some voyages lasted several months or years,

29. Trading Many New England fortunes were made by trading.
Boats would sail to the Caribbean, England & Southern Europe to trade.
Many ships followed a direct trade route.
The English government insisted that the colonists trade or export good with only England and to accept items as imports from England.

30. Trading
Other England trading ships followed the “Triangular Trade Route”.
The routes connected the English colonies in North America with the west coast of Africa.
Trading ships carried goods from England and raw materials from English colonies.

31. Trading
Slave ships also carried enslaved people from central and western Africa.
The slaves were used and worked in the English Colonies.
Millions of enslaved Africans were forced to travel across the Atlantic ocean.
The voyage came to be known as the Middle Passage.

32. Trading Africans suffered greatly on the ships. Many of them died.
The voyage was overcrowded and cramped.
1700’s colonists became alarmed by the condition in which the slaves were being treated.
Later, groups of colonists came together to try to end slavery.

33. Shipbuilding
Fishing, whaling and trading encouraged the shipbuilding industry in England.
Skilled craft workers used logs to produce naval stores.
By the late 1700’s, one third of English ships were built in the New England colonies.
It was cheap to build ships there.
The shipbuilding industry really contributed to the economy.
Naval stores- the products that were used to build and prepare ships.