1. Bellringer
Open up your Egypt INB, go to “The Pharaoh” page
In your book, read pages and fill out the “Political Leader” and “Religious Leader” bubbles with at least 4 facts each from the text

2. Khufu: The greatest Pharaoh
4th Dynasty
Ruled the first half of the Old Kingdom
Had Great Pyramids built
Ruthless & harsh ruler
Worshipped as a god after his death

3. Old Kingdom 3rd-6th dynasties Pharaohs believed to be gods
Had absolute power
Capitol in Memphis
Large number of pyramids constructed
“Age of the Pyramids”
Big developments in Egyptian art and architecture

4. Old Kingdom Achievements

5. Collapse of the Old Kingdom
Low flood levels in the Nile
Led to famine
Two dynasties fought for power
Egypt split into two kingdoms again
North & South

6. Middle Kingdom: 2055 BC - 1650 BC “Period of Reunification”
Mentuhotep II reunified Egypt
Osiris became the most important god
Lasted until the 12th dynasty
Capitol was Thebes
Began the “Golden Age” of Egypt
Gained control of Nubia
Many improvements in farming and irrigation
Arts flourished

7. Decline of Middle Kingdom: The Hyksos
In the 1600’s, nobles challenged pharaoh’s power
Outsiders, the Hyksos, invaded Egypt while it was weaker
Hyksos used horse drawn chariots, weapons made of bronze & iron
Took control of Egypt
Egyptians learned how to use their chariots
100 years later, Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt

8. New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1070 BC Ahmose founded a new dynasty
Egypt grew in trade and territory
Egyptians began trading with Arabia & East Africa
Traded incense, metal tools, beads, weapons, gold, ivory, ebony wood
Egyptians valued wood, because they didn’t have much in Egypt!
Began to trade with the Phoenicians
Egyptians had: wheat, paper (papyrus), gold, copper, tin and tools
Phoenicians had: purple dye, wood, furniture
Phoenician alphabet & writing system influence others through trade. Our alphabet was influenced by the ancient Phoenicians!

9. New Kingdom Pharaohs Amenhotep IV: 1370 BC Tutankhamen
Introduced Aton, a new sun god, as Egypt’s only god
Changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning “spirit of Aton”
Moved capital to Thebes
Made priests and people angry
Tutankhamen
King at 10 years old
Restored worship of many gods
Restored power to priests and officials
Died mysteriously at 19

10. Decline of Egypt Ramses II, 1279 BC-1213 BC
Greatest of the last pharaohs
Known as Ramses the Great
Built many magnificent temples
Pharaoh during the Exodus??
After Ramses’s death, Egypt declined
Many costly wars
Outside invaders found ways into Egypt
By 1150 BC Egypt only controlled the delta
By 900 BC, Libyans controlled Egypt
By 670 BC, the Assyrians from Mesopotamia took control

11. PEE Paragraph! Your choice! (On Showbie)
A: How did the Middle Kingdom differ from the Old Kingdom OR
B: How did the New Kingdom differ from the Middle Kingdom?