1. Unit 4

2. People move from place to place
People move from place to place. Have you ever noticed how people travel? The means of transportation vary from time to time and from people to people.

3. When we are babies, we crawl to get to Mum or to get something we want.

4. As we are growing up, we walk to school, to work or to some places we’d like.

5. on wheels
With the development of science and technology, we travel on bikes, in cars, in trains or in planes. In a word, we move from place to place on wheels.

6. Can you explain the word “transport”?
Transport is a system built to carry people or goods to another place
using vehicles, boats or airplanes.

7. Can you list some of the public transport?
ship
high-speed train
underground
airplane
public transport
train …
bus
coach

8. Think about these questions.
How do people travel within a city?
How do people travel to nearby cities?
How did people travel to a far-away city 20 years ago?
How did people travel in the past?
How do people go to other countries today?

9. Discussion
How many means of transportation in former times do you know?

10. Rickshaw

11. Sedan-chairs

12. Boat
Carriage

13. How many means of transportation in modern times do you know?

14. bicycle
motorbike

15. helicopter
Hot air balloon

16. car
ferry

17. tram
taxi

18. Buses
_____ have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route.

19. The underground
________________ has become popular in crowded cities.

20. Ships
_____ are a comfortable way to travel from place to place.

21. __________ are used for rapid travel over long distances.
Airplanes

22. High-speed trains
________________ run much faster than normal trains.

23. Coaches
_______ are buses that carry people over long distances.

24. What any other means of transportation do you think will emerge in the future?

25. Sydpelin

26. Spacetime Runner航天器

27. Flying Car

28. How would you like to go to the places?
Situation 1: from Shanghai to London
Situation 2: from Chongqing to Chengdu
Situation 3: from Beijing to Guangzhou
Situation 4: from Dalian to Qingdao

29. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of the popular means of transport. Discuss with your partner and then fill in the chart.

30. Means of transport
Advantages
Disadvantages
buses or coaches
the underground
easily trapped in traffic jams; not so comfortable during peak times because they are usually very crowded; cause pollution
cheap and convenient
fast and convenient; fewer traffic accidents; comfortable
expensive to build

31. Means of transport
Advantages
Disadvantages
high-speed trains
ships
airplanes
extremely fast and convenient
relatively expensive
not comfortable for those who are seasick; relatively slow; the safety of the trip would be affected by storms
comfortable
fast and convenient; relatively a safer way of travel
relatively expensive

32. London Underground

33. The London Underground system serves 270 stations and has 402 kilometres (250 mi) of track, 55 per cent of which is actually above ground.

35. Skim the text and find the general idea of the passage.
This article is a tourist brochure about how the London Underground developed.

36. When was the first underground system opened?
2. What did Charles Holden do?
In 1863.
He designed the most famous of the new stations constructed between 1918 and 1938.

37. 3. Why was the Victoria Line important?
It was important because it linked with other lines at almost every station, helping make the system more user-friendly.

38. Structure analyzing Part Paragraphs Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

39. The main ideas of the four parts
Reasons why the first underground system in the world was developed.
Part 2
Developments of the underground system before World War II.

40. Part 3
Some unusual uses of the underground system during World WarⅡ.
Part 4
Expansion and popularity of the first underground system.

41. Underline the time clues in the text quickly
Underline the time clues in the text quickly. Remember the details of each time clue as quickly as you can.

42. Development of the LU system.
Date
Event
1854
1863
1868
An underground railway was approved to be built by the British government.
The first tunnels were opened.
The next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London.

43. Date
Event
1884
1890
1933
1979
Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.
The first electric underground railway was opened.
The London Passenger Transport Board was created.
Many new stations were constructed.
The Jubilee Line was opened.

44. Read again and answer the following questions.
1. Why was the underground system developed in London?
Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses, trams, cabs, and carriages were required. The number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams. So the underground system was developed in London.

45. 2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?
The tunnels were just beneath the surface of the ground. The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through the narrow tunnels.

46. 3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground system?
He obtained ownership of the many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.

47. 4. What unusual uses did the tube have during World War II ?
During World War II, the tube was used as a bomb shelter, an airplane factory, a centre for directing the defence against air attacks and meeting rooms for the government administration.

48. 5. What happened to the London Underground after World War II?
After World War II, the underground system was enlarged and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.

49. 6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
It means that it is very convenient for passengers to go to different places in the city from any station.

50. Charles Henry Holden

51. Charles Henry Holden (1875 –1960) was a Bolton-born English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s, for Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and for the University of London's Senate House.

52. 55 Broadway is a listed building overlooking
St. James's Park in London

53. South Wimbledon station, one of the stations for the
extension of the City and South London Railway

54. Subway Town Station

55. Arnos Grove Station

56. Southgate Station