1. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

2. Clinker burning

3. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

4. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process
Raw Materials
--2/3 calcareous materials (lime bearing) – limestone
--1/3 argillaceous materials (silica, alumina, iron)- clay

5. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

6. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process
Old Method

7. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

8. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

9. Portland Cement- Manufacturing process

10. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Hammer breaker

11. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Taking machine

12. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Roller mill

13. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Humidity Tower

14. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Bag Type
Dust Collector

15. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Pre-heater

17. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Rotary Kiln

18. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Rotary Kiln

19. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Cooling Machine

20. Sutong Bridge，2008

22. Portland Cement-Manufacturing process-equipment
Automatic bagging
Robot for stacking palets

23. Portland Cement- Chemical Composition
Examples of characteristics that may be considered critical for particular application are:

24. The X-ray diffraction pattern of Clinker powder sample
Portland Cement- Chemical Composition
The X-ray diffraction pattern of Clinker powder sample

25. Portland Cement- Chemical Composition
Bogue equations

26. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and Reactivity of Compounds
The chemical composition of compounds present in the industrial portland cements is not exactly what is expressed by the commonly used formulas, C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF. This is because at the hight temperatures prevalent during clinker formation the elements present in the system, including the impurities such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfur, possess the capability of entering into solid solutions with each of the major compounds in clinker.

27. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- silicates
Tricalcium silicate (C3S) and beta-decalcium silicate (C2S) are the two hydraulic silicates commonly found in industrial portland cement clinkers.

28. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- silicates
Crystal structures
(a)C3S (b)C2S

29. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- silicates

30. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- Another compounds
-Calcium aluminate and ferroaluminate
-The crystal structure of pure C3A is cubic; however,
C4AF and C3A containing large amounts of alkalies
are both orthorhombic.
-Magnesium oxide and calcium oxide
-Hydration of them is a slow and expansive reaction
which under certain conditions cap cause unsoundness
(i.e., cracking and pop-outs in hardened concrete).

31. -Alkali and sulfate compounds
Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- Another compounds
-Alkali and sulfate compounds
-Their presence is known to have a significant influence on the early hydration reactions of the
cement.

32. -Alkali and sulfate compounds
Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- Another compounds
-Alkali and sulfate compounds
-Their presence is known to have a significant influence on the early hydration reactions of the
cement.

33. Portland Cement- Crystal Structures and
Reactivity of Compounds- Fineness
Typical data on particle size distribution

34. What is Happening in the Kiln

35. What is Happening in the Kiln

36. What is Happening in the Kiln

37. What is Happening in the Kiln

38. What is Happening in the Kiln

39. What is Happening in the Kiln

40. What is Happening in the Kiln

41. Cooling the Clinker Down

42. Cement Production

43. Thank You!