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2. Body Control Systems Nervous system uses impulses  FAST, SHORT-LIVED
Endocrine system uses hormones  SLOW, LONGER LASTING
1. Encourage the students to think about many aspects of how they have changed, from appearance, to how much knowledge they have, to maturity.
They may say hair color, hair style, type of clothes they wear, height, intelligence, personality, interests, maturity, friends….
Try to get students to think of social and biological reasons that they have changed. They may say fashions have changed so they changed their style. They may say that their body is causing them to mature and grow.
Answers will vary-most will hope to grow taller, mature more, get “smarter.”

3. Hormones control: Growth and development.
Mobilization of body defenses against stressors
Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of the blood
Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
Reproduction
Blood salt and sugar levels
The amount of fluid in your body.

4. The Endocrine Glands are the organs of the Endocrine System.
They produce and secrete (release) Hormones.
They are located all over your body.
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5. Dog picture from: http://animalpetdoctor.homestead.com/pancreas2.jpg
Horse picture from:

6. Gland What it Regulates Pituitary
“Master Gland” that regulates all other Endocrine Glands, also releases growth hormone
Thyroid
Metabolism, body heat, bone growth
Parathyroids
Use of Calcium and Phosphorous
Hypothalamus
Links nervous system to endocrine system
Adrenal
Response in emergency or stressful situations, metabolism, blood pressure, salt balance
Pancreas
Blood sugar
Ovaries
Production of eggs; female characteristics
Testes
Production of sperm; male characteristics
Thymus
Parts of the immune system
Point out that there are more endocrine glands, this is just a sample of some.

7. The answer is Hormones!

8. Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted (released) from glands into the blood and affect cells in another part of the body.
Because they are in the blood, hormones can get transported to the organs (genitals, brain, blood vessels, etc.).

9. Do Now
Get out your diseases/ disorders chart and notes on the Endocrine System

10. Nat and Jason Present

11. Glands

13. Pineal Gland Hormone: Melatonin
Involved in rhythmic activities (daily and seasonal)

14. Hypothalamus
Hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone  stored in pituitary
Releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the pituitary gland

15. Pituitary Gland- Posterior lobe
Hormones: oxytocin and ADH
Oxytocin- stimulates contraction of uterus and milk “let-down” reflex
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)- promotes retention of water by kidneys

16. Pituitary Gland- ANterior lobe
Hormones: growth hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone
GH- stimulates growth and metabolism
PRL- stimulates milk production
FSH- stimulates production of ova and sperm
LH- stimulates ovaries and testes
TSH- stimulates thyroid gland
ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones

17. Thyroid gland
Hormones: thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and Calcitonin
T4 and T3- stimulates metabolism
Calcitonin- reduces blood
calcium level

18. Parathyroid glands Hormones: Parathyroid Hormone
PTH- raises blood calcium level

19. Thymus
Hormones: thymosin
Thymosin-“programs” T cells

20. Adrenal gland: Adrenal medulla
Hormones: Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine and norepinephrine- increases blood glucose; increases metabolic activities; constrict certain blood vessels

21. Adrenal gland: Adrenal cortex
Hormones: Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids- increase blood glucose
Mineralocorticoids- reduces blood glucose

22. Pancreas Hormones: insulin and glucagon
Insulin and Glucagon- regulates blood glucose

23. Gonads: Testes Hormones: Androgens
Androgens- support sperm formation; development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

24. Gonads: Ovaries Hormones: Estrogens and Progesterone
Estrogens- stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone- promotes
growth of uterine lining

26. Diseases/DIsorders

27. Goiters The thyroid MUST have iodine to produce functional hormones
Goiter: an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
TSH keeps asking for thyroxine, so the thyroid continues to enlarge to produce more, but it can only make part of it so the cycle continues….
Iodine is found in
seafood!

28. Diabetes Mellitus Pancreas cannot produce insulin or receptors fail 
no glucose uptake into cells 
Symptoms: no energy, high blood glucose, excessive thirst, hard-to-heal skin
Treatments: insulin pump or shots (Type 2  exercise)

29. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism: a condition in which the thyroid overproduces hormones (T3 and T4)  overactive metabolism
Common symptoms: weight loss, weakness / fatigue, irregular heartbeat, bulging eyes, irritability, diarrhea, warm skin
Treatments: anti-thyroid medicine
and radioactive iodine are the ones
doctors use most often. In rare cases,
surgery may be done. 
Graves’ disease: the most common
cause of hyperthyroidism, is more
prevalent in women than in men.

30. When normal functions lose their negative feedback control, many times disease is the result.
An example:
Neurons in the hypothalamus secrete thyroid releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
TSH binds to receptors to cells in the thyroid gland, stimulating thyroid hormones, which affect all cells in the body.
When blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, TRH-secreting neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH.
If this process is disrupted, the Thyroid keeps producing hormones and hyperthyroid disease ensues.
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Disruption

31. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism: a condition in which the body lacks sufficient thyroid hormone.
 Slow metabolism
Symptoms: weight gain, memory loss, fatigue, dry skin, nightmares
Treatments: thyroid
hormone replacement

32. AcromegalY
Acromegaly: a hormonal disorder that develops when your pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood
Symptoms: enlargement of the face, hands, and feet
Treatments: Doctors can remove
most pituitary tumors using
surgery; Drugs used to lower the
production or block the action
of GH; or radiation therapy

33. Addison’s Disease
Addison’s Disease: A disorder in which the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones
Symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, hyperpigmentation (darkening of skin), dizziness, low blood sugar, muscle/joint pain, low blood
pressure, salt craving
Treatments: taking hormones to replace
those not produced by the adrenal
glands  corticosteroid injections or oral
medication

34. Diagnose Patients

35. Scavenger hunt Endocrine glands are placed throughout the room
Answer the question on your sheet, and when you find the answer search for the gland in the room
Next to that number question, place the letter/s from the back of the gland
Use this information to break the code at the bottom!

36. Do Now
Make a condensed “cheat sheet” of each disease we discussed and TWO symptoms you think are important.