1. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS AND TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology II
INT211

6. Internet
The Internet can be described as a system of multiple computer networks interconnected across the globe that share data, information and services using the IP protocol

7. History
After the lunching of the satellite Sputnik by the USSR, the US military
engaged in research to gain an advantage in technology. The Advance
Research Project Agency (ARPA) was created on February Here vast
studies in networking were made including the method of data transfer such
as packet switching. The network ARPANET was lunched at UCLA on
October 29, 1969.Then on January 1, 1983 the TCP/IP WAN became
operational, followed by a commercial network in The TCP/IP became
popular around the 1990’s and became public. In August 1991, CERN
introduced the World Wide Web project and 2 years later Tim Berners-Lee
started creating HTML, HTTP and some web pages under CERN. Late 1994
came by and the Mosaic Web Browser v1.0 was produced and by 1996 the
internet was global

8. WWW
The www is a set of Protocols and Software that allows the global computer network called the internet to display multimedia documents.

9. Internet A Computer A modem A telephone line A valid Account A Browser
Basic Equipment
Needed
A Computer
A modem
A telephone line
A valid Account
A Browser
What is found on the Internet?
Extensive information, practically about any
topic in any language.
• Files in different formats and sizes.
• Communicational tools such as chatting
rooms, , forums, etc.
• Business and Commercial oriented
information including the possibility of doing
transactions on line, like banking, buying &
selling, etc.
• Educational and Entertainment such as:
online schools, dictionaries, encyclopedias,
virtual museums, games, music, movies, etc.
Malware: Viruses, Trojan Horse, Spyware, Worms, Botnet, Cyber-crime etc.
Anti-Virus
Cookies / Search Engine Spiders
Remote Desktop Connection Capabilities.

10. Identify the components…

11. Internet
Web pages: are documents containing information about specific
topics. Some parts of this information (such as portions of text,
graphics or buttons) can be linked to other documents with more
information.
Web sites: are collections of web pages (HTML).
Web portals: are collections of web sites.
Hyperlinks: are the portions of text, graphics or buttons that
connect the user to other websites, web pages or articles.
Web Server: The computer where the files used in web sites are
stored and made available.
Web master: is the person in charge of the design, implementation,
and functionality of a web site.
Client: is the computer from which a user connects to Internet

12. URL Refers to the location of a document, a
website, or web page. It provides
information about the protocol used to
transfer the data, the name of the web
server, where the object is located on that
server and the name and extension of the
document

13. It looks like this: http://www.ub.edu.bz/infotech/cmps_140.html.
WHERE
http: is the protocol used to transfer the data, in this case hyper text transfer protocol.
www: means that the document is in the world wide web network
ub.edu.bz is the name of the server where the document is located. The portion bz, is an identifier for the country of Belize. Each country hast its own ID.
Infotech: refers to the name of the folder where the web master decided to store the document on the web server.
Cmps_140.html: is the name of the file containing the information

14. How Does it Work
Once the user types a URL in the browser, a direct link between the server and the client is established and the files containing the information the user requests, by typing the URL or by clicking on the hyperlinks, are transferred
from the server to the client, only when those files are in the local machine the information will be displayed on the screen of the use

16.
stands for electronic mail and is faster, more reliable and more secure than the normal mail. It is limited to documents that include text and graphics, which can be exchanged among users worldwide
Users need to first have an address and an internet connection, with
these in mind; messages can be sent to another user by simply typing his/her address using particular software. An address is a specific address where data can be sent using the Internet across computers. It of course requires a user to have an and access to Internet. An address looks like this: where acrespo is the user name and ub.edu.bz is the server that provides this service to this particular user. addresses will always be typed in small letters

17. Cryptographic (Encryption)
Security
IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
POP – Post Office Protocol (POP3)
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Cryptographic (Encryption)
SSL – Secure Socket Layer
TLS – For Web Traffic
IPSEC – For Network Security

18. Downloading And Decompressing Files
Compressed File
All the information from the Internet needs to be transferred to the local
computer before it can be displayed on the screen. This is known as
‘downloading’, when the transfer occurs in the other direction, it is
known as ‘uploading’. Applications, movies, and other resources
available on the Internet usually come in huge files. These files need to
be compressed in order to reduce its size and to facilitate uploading
and downloading. Sometimes the compressed files are also split into
several parts

19. Compression Software The most popular ones are: Winzip, Winrar, and
There are many applications used to compress files.
The most popular ones are: Winzip, Winrar, and
7- zip. The differences are slight and are mostly
determined by the compression ratio offered and
the compatibility with the various types of files
Exercise: Go to GOOGLE.COM and search for “Compression Software”

26. THE END